Comparative analysis of dorsal and tail skin reveals region-dependent heterogeneity in axolotl skin regeneration

The mechanisms underlying scarless versus fibrotic wound healing remain a critical challenge in regenerative medicine. To elucidate the mechanisms of scarless repair, the axolotl ( Ambystoma mexicanum ), a model organism with exceptional regenerative capacity, has gained increasing prominence. Altho...

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Main Authors: Lieke Yang, Qian Chen, Jinman Li, Yan Hu, Yaoxin Liu, Binbin Lu, Shuaibin Pei, Tingyi Huang, Yanmei Liu, Ji-Feng Fei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-06-01
Series:Cell Transplantation
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/09636897251348730
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author Lieke Yang
Qian Chen
Jinman Li
Yan Hu
Yaoxin Liu
Binbin Lu
Shuaibin Pei
Tingyi Huang
Yanmei Liu
Ji-Feng Fei
author_facet Lieke Yang
Qian Chen
Jinman Li
Yan Hu
Yaoxin Liu
Binbin Lu
Shuaibin Pei
Tingyi Huang
Yanmei Liu
Ji-Feng Fei
author_sort Lieke Yang
collection DOAJ
description The mechanisms underlying scarless versus fibrotic wound healing remain a critical challenge in regenerative medicine. To elucidate the mechanisms of scarless repair, the axolotl ( Ambystoma mexicanum ), a model organism with exceptional regenerative capacity, has gained increasing prominence. Although axolotls are capable of regenerating complex structures such as limbs and tails, whether their skin regeneration is uniformly scarless—especially across different anatomical sites—remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that adult axolotl tail skin achieves scarless regeneration, while dorsal skin repair results in fibrotic scarring. Through comparative histological and transcriptomic analyses of full-thickness excisional wounds, we identify accelerated re-epithelialization and reduced collagen deposition in tail skin compared to dorsal wounds. Developmental trajectory studies reveal prolonged retention of a hypodifferentiated state in tail skin, contrasting with early stratification in dorsal tissue. Mechanistically, we find that the extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein gene Tenascin-N ( TnN ) exhibits higher expression in tail skin versus dorsal skin. The reported TnN downstream PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, demonstrated by Western blotting of pAkt, is significantly activated in tail skin versus dorsal skin during homeostasis and regeneration. These findings establish the axolotl as a key model for dissecting how developmental priming and ECM dynamics orchestrate regenerative versus fibrotic repair, offering novel insights for therapeutic strategies targeting scarless healing.
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issn 1555-3892
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series Cell Transplantation
spelling doaj-art-bbc4fc9e89ed40ebaf53cc6d5a491cc22025-08-20T02:10:12ZengSAGE PublishingCell Transplantation1555-38922025-06-013410.1177/09636897251348730Comparative analysis of dorsal and tail skin reveals region-dependent heterogeneity in axolotl skin regenerationLieke Yang0Qian Chen1Jinman Li2Yan Hu3Yaoxin Liu4Binbin Lu5Shuaibin Pei6Tingyi Huang7Yanmei Liu8Ji-Feng Fei9Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaInstitute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaThe mechanisms underlying scarless versus fibrotic wound healing remain a critical challenge in regenerative medicine. To elucidate the mechanisms of scarless repair, the axolotl ( Ambystoma mexicanum ), a model organism with exceptional regenerative capacity, has gained increasing prominence. Although axolotls are capable of regenerating complex structures such as limbs and tails, whether their skin regeneration is uniformly scarless—especially across different anatomical sites—remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that adult axolotl tail skin achieves scarless regeneration, while dorsal skin repair results in fibrotic scarring. Through comparative histological and transcriptomic analyses of full-thickness excisional wounds, we identify accelerated re-epithelialization and reduced collagen deposition in tail skin compared to dorsal wounds. Developmental trajectory studies reveal prolonged retention of a hypodifferentiated state in tail skin, contrasting with early stratification in dorsal tissue. Mechanistically, we find that the extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein gene Tenascin-N ( TnN ) exhibits higher expression in tail skin versus dorsal skin. The reported TnN downstream PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, demonstrated by Western blotting of pAkt, is significantly activated in tail skin versus dorsal skin during homeostasis and regeneration. These findings establish the axolotl as a key model for dissecting how developmental priming and ECM dynamics orchestrate regenerative versus fibrotic repair, offering novel insights for therapeutic strategies targeting scarless healing.https://doi.org/10.1177/09636897251348730
spellingShingle Lieke Yang
Qian Chen
Jinman Li
Yan Hu
Yaoxin Liu
Binbin Lu
Shuaibin Pei
Tingyi Huang
Yanmei Liu
Ji-Feng Fei
Comparative analysis of dorsal and tail skin reveals region-dependent heterogeneity in axolotl skin regeneration
Cell Transplantation
title Comparative analysis of dorsal and tail skin reveals region-dependent heterogeneity in axolotl skin regeneration
title_full Comparative analysis of dorsal and tail skin reveals region-dependent heterogeneity in axolotl skin regeneration
title_fullStr Comparative analysis of dorsal and tail skin reveals region-dependent heterogeneity in axolotl skin regeneration
title_full_unstemmed Comparative analysis of dorsal and tail skin reveals region-dependent heterogeneity in axolotl skin regeneration
title_short Comparative analysis of dorsal and tail skin reveals region-dependent heterogeneity in axolotl skin regeneration
title_sort comparative analysis of dorsal and tail skin reveals region dependent heterogeneity in axolotl skin regeneration
url https://doi.org/10.1177/09636897251348730
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