Multimodal-Based Non-Contact High Intraocular Pressure Detection Method

This study proposes a deep learning-based, non-contact method for detecting elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) by integrating Scheimpflug images with corneal biomechanical features. Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, requires accurate IOP monitoring for early diagnosis...

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Main Authors: Zibo Lan, Ying Hu, Shuang Yang, Jiayun Ren, He Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4258
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author Zibo Lan
Ying Hu
Shuang Yang
Jiayun Ren
He Zhang
author_facet Zibo Lan
Ying Hu
Shuang Yang
Jiayun Ren
He Zhang
author_sort Zibo Lan
collection DOAJ
description This study proposes a deep learning-based, non-contact method for detecting elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) by integrating Scheimpflug images with corneal biomechanical features. Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, requires accurate IOP monitoring for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Traditional IOP measurements are often influenced by corneal biomechanical variability, leading to inaccurate readings. To address these limitations, we present a multi-modal framework incorporating CycleGAN for data augmentation, Swin Transformer for visual feature extraction, and the Kolmogorov–Arnold Network (KAN) for efficient fusion of heterogeneous data. KAN approximates complex nonlinear relationships with fewer parameters, making it effective in small-sample scenarios with intricate variable dependencies. A diverse dataset was constructed and augmented to alleviate data scarcity and class imbalance. By combining Scheimpflug imaging with clinical parameters, the model effectively integrates multi-source information to improve high IOP prediction accuracy. Experiments on a real-world private hospital dataset show that the model achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 0.91, outperforming traditional approaches. Grad-CAM visualizations identify critical anatomical regions, such as corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth, that correlate with IOP changes. These findings underscore the role of corneal structure in IOP regulation and suggest new directions for non-invasive, biomechanics-informed IOP screening.
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spelling doaj-art-bbae045a8a0748d2bf08824017bc0dff2025-08-20T03:56:47ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514425810.3390/s25144258Multimodal-Based Non-Contact High Intraocular Pressure Detection MethodZibo Lan0Ying Hu1Shuang Yang2Jiayun Ren3He Zhang4School of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Forth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Huanggu District, No. 20 Huanghenan Street, Shenyang 110031, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaThis study proposes a deep learning-based, non-contact method for detecting elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) by integrating Scheimpflug images with corneal biomechanical features. Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, requires accurate IOP monitoring for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Traditional IOP measurements are often influenced by corneal biomechanical variability, leading to inaccurate readings. To address these limitations, we present a multi-modal framework incorporating CycleGAN for data augmentation, Swin Transformer for visual feature extraction, and the Kolmogorov–Arnold Network (KAN) for efficient fusion of heterogeneous data. KAN approximates complex nonlinear relationships with fewer parameters, making it effective in small-sample scenarios with intricate variable dependencies. A diverse dataset was constructed and augmented to alleviate data scarcity and class imbalance. By combining Scheimpflug imaging with clinical parameters, the model effectively integrates multi-source information to improve high IOP prediction accuracy. Experiments on a real-world private hospital dataset show that the model achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 0.91, outperforming traditional approaches. Grad-CAM visualizations identify critical anatomical regions, such as corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth, that correlate with IOP changes. These findings underscore the role of corneal structure in IOP regulation and suggest new directions for non-invasive, biomechanics-informed IOP screening.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4258non-contact high IOP detectiondeep learningmulti-modal modelScheimpflug imaging
spellingShingle Zibo Lan
Ying Hu
Shuang Yang
Jiayun Ren
He Zhang
Multimodal-Based Non-Contact High Intraocular Pressure Detection Method
Sensors
non-contact high IOP detection
deep learning
multi-modal model
Scheimpflug imaging
title Multimodal-Based Non-Contact High Intraocular Pressure Detection Method
title_full Multimodal-Based Non-Contact High Intraocular Pressure Detection Method
title_fullStr Multimodal-Based Non-Contact High Intraocular Pressure Detection Method
title_full_unstemmed Multimodal-Based Non-Contact High Intraocular Pressure Detection Method
title_short Multimodal-Based Non-Contact High Intraocular Pressure Detection Method
title_sort multimodal based non contact high intraocular pressure detection method
topic non-contact high IOP detection
deep learning
multi-modal model
Scheimpflug imaging
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4258
work_keys_str_mv AT zibolan multimodalbasednoncontacthighintraocularpressuredetectionmethod
AT yinghu multimodalbasednoncontacthighintraocularpressuredetectionmethod
AT shuangyang multimodalbasednoncontacthighintraocularpressuredetectionmethod
AT jiayunren multimodalbasednoncontacthighintraocularpressuredetectionmethod
AT hezhang multimodalbasednoncontacthighintraocularpressuredetectionmethod