Regulation of Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia by JAK/STAT and MAPK Signaling in the Mammalian Retina
In humans and other mammals, the neural retina does not spontaneously regenerate, and damage to the retina that kills retinal neurons results in permanent blindness. In contrast to embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and embryonic/fetal retinal stem cells, Müller glia offer an intr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Stem Cells International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1610691 |
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| author | Krista M. Beach Jianbo Wang Deborah C. Otteson |
| author_facet | Krista M. Beach Jianbo Wang Deborah C. Otteson |
| author_sort | Krista M. Beach |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In humans and other mammals, the neural retina does not spontaneously regenerate, and damage to the retina that kills retinal neurons results in permanent blindness. In contrast to embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and embryonic/fetal retinal stem cells, Müller glia offer an intrinsic cellular source for regenerative strategies in the retina. Müller glia are radial glial cells within the retina that maintain retinal homeostasis, buffer ion flux associated with phototransduction, and form the blood/retinal barrier within the retina proper. In injured or degenerating retinas, Müller glia contribute to gliotic responses and scar formation but also show regenerative capabilities that vary across species. In the mammalian retina, regenerative responses achieved to date remain insufficient for potential clinical applications. Activation of JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling by CNTF, EGF, and FGFs can promote proliferation and modulate the glial/neurogenic switch. However, to achieve clinical relevance, additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors that restrict or promote regenerative responses of Müller glia in the mammalian retina must be identified. This review focuses on Müller glia and Müller glial-derived stem cells in the retina and phylogenetic differences among model vertebrate species and highlights some of the current progress towards understanding the cellular mechanisms regulating their regenerative response. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bbace99e44bd49bfa271b4ce7efcbb1e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1687-966X 1687-9678 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stem Cells International |
| spelling | doaj-art-bbace99e44bd49bfa271b4ce7efcbb1e2025-08-20T03:04:38ZengWileyStem Cells International1687-966X1687-96782017-01-01201710.1155/2017/16106911610691Regulation of Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia by JAK/STAT and MAPK Signaling in the Mammalian RetinaKrista M. Beach0Jianbo Wang1Deborah C. Otteson2Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USADepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USADepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USAIn humans and other mammals, the neural retina does not spontaneously regenerate, and damage to the retina that kills retinal neurons results in permanent blindness. In contrast to embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and embryonic/fetal retinal stem cells, Müller glia offer an intrinsic cellular source for regenerative strategies in the retina. Müller glia are radial glial cells within the retina that maintain retinal homeostasis, buffer ion flux associated with phototransduction, and form the blood/retinal barrier within the retina proper. In injured or degenerating retinas, Müller glia contribute to gliotic responses and scar formation but also show regenerative capabilities that vary across species. In the mammalian retina, regenerative responses achieved to date remain insufficient for potential clinical applications. Activation of JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling by CNTF, EGF, and FGFs can promote proliferation and modulate the glial/neurogenic switch. However, to achieve clinical relevance, additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors that restrict or promote regenerative responses of Müller glia in the mammalian retina must be identified. This review focuses on Müller glia and Müller glial-derived stem cells in the retina and phylogenetic differences among model vertebrate species and highlights some of the current progress towards understanding the cellular mechanisms regulating their regenerative response.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1610691 |
| spellingShingle | Krista M. Beach Jianbo Wang Deborah C. Otteson Regulation of Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia by JAK/STAT and MAPK Signaling in the Mammalian Retina Stem Cells International |
| title | Regulation of Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia by JAK/STAT and MAPK Signaling in the Mammalian Retina |
| title_full | Regulation of Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia by JAK/STAT and MAPK Signaling in the Mammalian Retina |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia by JAK/STAT and MAPK Signaling in the Mammalian Retina |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia by JAK/STAT and MAPK Signaling in the Mammalian Retina |
| title_short | Regulation of Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia by JAK/STAT and MAPK Signaling in the Mammalian Retina |
| title_sort | regulation of stem cell properties of muller glia by jak stat and mapk signaling in the mammalian retina |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1610691 |
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