Validation of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification guidelines for TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasm in an independent international cohort

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO-5) and International Consensus Classification (ICC) acknowledge the poor prognosis of TP53-mutated (TP53 mut) myeloid neoplasm (MN). However, there are substantial differences between the two classifications that may lead to under- or overestimation of the...

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Main Authors: Mithun Vinod Shah, Kevin Hung, Anmol Baranwal, Gauri Wechalekar, Aref Al-Kali, Carla R. Toop, Patricia Greipp, Monika M. Kutyna, Aasiya Matin, Dariusz Ladon, Antoine Saliba, Dong Chen, Kebede Begna, Anna Brown, Danielle Rud, Mark R. Litzow, William J. Hogan, Peter Bardy, Talha Badar, Sharad Kumar, David T. Yeung, Mrinal M. Patnaik, James M. Foran, Rong He, Naseema Gangat, Mehrdad Hefazi, Hamish S. Scott, Cecilia Y. Arana Yi, Hassan Alkhateeb, Abhishek A. Mangaonkar, Daniel Thomas, Christopher N. Hahn, Attilio Orazi, Daniel A. Arber, Chung Hoow Kok, Ayalew Tefferi, Devendra Hiwase
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-05-01
Series:Blood Cancer Journal
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01290-0
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author Mithun Vinod Shah
Kevin Hung
Anmol Baranwal
Gauri Wechalekar
Aref Al-Kali
Carla R. Toop
Patricia Greipp
Monika M. Kutyna
Aasiya Matin
Dariusz Ladon
Antoine Saliba
Dong Chen
Kebede Begna
Anna Brown
Danielle Rud
Mark R. Litzow
William J. Hogan
Peter Bardy
Talha Badar
Sharad Kumar
David T. Yeung
Mrinal M. Patnaik
James M. Foran
Rong He
Naseema Gangat
Mehrdad Hefazi
Hamish S. Scott
Cecilia Y. Arana Yi
Hassan Alkhateeb
Abhishek A. Mangaonkar
Daniel Thomas
Christopher N. Hahn
Attilio Orazi
Daniel A. Arber
Chung Hoow Kok
Ayalew Tefferi
Devendra Hiwase
author_facet Mithun Vinod Shah
Kevin Hung
Anmol Baranwal
Gauri Wechalekar
Aref Al-Kali
Carla R. Toop
Patricia Greipp
Monika M. Kutyna
Aasiya Matin
Dariusz Ladon
Antoine Saliba
Dong Chen
Kebede Begna
Anna Brown
Danielle Rud
Mark R. Litzow
William J. Hogan
Peter Bardy
Talha Badar
Sharad Kumar
David T. Yeung
Mrinal M. Patnaik
James M. Foran
Rong He
Naseema Gangat
Mehrdad Hefazi
Hamish S. Scott
Cecilia Y. Arana Yi
Hassan Alkhateeb
Abhishek A. Mangaonkar
Daniel Thomas
Christopher N. Hahn
Attilio Orazi
Daniel A. Arber
Chung Hoow Kok
Ayalew Tefferi
Devendra Hiwase
author_sort Mithun Vinod Shah
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO-5) and International Consensus Classification (ICC) acknowledge the poor prognosis of TP53-mutated (TP53 mut) myeloid neoplasm (MN). However, there are substantial differences between the two classifications that may lead to under- or overestimation of the prognostic risk. We retrospectively applied WHO-5 and ICC to 603 MN cases harboring TP53 mut (variant allele frequency, VAF ≥ 2%). WHO-5 and ICC would not classify 64% and 20% of these cases as TP53 mut MN, respectively. Moreover, of those classified, 67.5% would be classified discrepantly. Primary drivers of discrepancies included: (i) prognostic importance of TP53 mut acute myeloid leukemia (AML), (ii) interaction of the blast percentage and allelic status, (iii) 17p.13.1 deletion detected by cytogenetics, (iv) complex karyotype (CK) as multi-hit equivalent, and (v) TP53 mut VAF threshold, we analyzed survival outcomes of each of these groups with an aim to provide clarity. TP53 mut AML was associated with significantly poor survival compared to TP53-wild type TP53 wt AML, myelodysplasia-related (AML, MR 4.7 vs. 18.3 months; P < 0.0001), supporting its inclusion within TP53 mut MN as a distinct subentity. Secondly, the survival of TP53 mut with blast 10–19% was poor regardless of the allelic status. Thirdly, for cases with a single TP53 mut with VAF < 50%, 17p13.1 del or CK serve as practical surrogates of biallelic inactivation, obviating the need for an additional copy number analysis. Finally, TP53 mut AML, MDS multi-hit/multi-hit equivalent with VAF < 10% had significantly poorer survival compared to TP53 mut MDS VAF < 10% without CK and 17p del, and were comparable to those with VAF ≥ 10% (14.1 vs. 48.8 vs.7.8 months, P < 0.0001). Collectively, these findings address key areas of contention and provide valuable insights that will guide future revisions of the WHO and ICC classifications.
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spelling doaj-art-bbabb2b74b3c4651a79a6cdbdd9723972025-08-20T03:53:08ZengNature Publishing GroupBlood Cancer Journal2044-53852025-05-0115111110.1038/s41408-025-01290-0Validation of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification guidelines for TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasm in an independent international cohortMithun Vinod Shah0Kevin Hung1Anmol Baranwal2Gauri Wechalekar3Aref Al-Kali4Carla R. Toop5Patricia Greipp6Monika M. Kutyna7Aasiya Matin8Dariusz Ladon9Antoine Saliba10Dong Chen11Kebede Begna12Anna Brown13Danielle Rud14Mark R. Litzow15William J. Hogan16Peter Bardy17Talha Badar18Sharad Kumar19David T. Yeung20Mrinal M. Patnaik21James M. Foran22Rong He23Naseema Gangat24Mehrdad Hefazi25Hamish S. Scott26Cecilia Y. Arana Yi27Hassan Alkhateeb28Abhishek A. Mangaonkar29Daniel Thomas30Christopher N. Hahn31Attilio Orazi32Daniel A. Arber33Chung Hoow Kok34Ayalew Tefferi35Devendra Hiwase36Division of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkLaboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicGenetic and Molecular Pathology, SA PathologyDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematopathology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicGenetic and Molecular Pathology, SA PathologyDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo ClinicCentre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA PathologyDepartment of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicGenetic and Molecular Pathology, SA PathologyHematology/Oncology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkGenetic and Molecular Pathology, SA PathologyTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterUniversity of ChicagoAdelaide Medical School, University of AdelaideDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkAbstract The World Health Organization (WHO-5) and International Consensus Classification (ICC) acknowledge the poor prognosis of TP53-mutated (TP53 mut) myeloid neoplasm (MN). However, there are substantial differences between the two classifications that may lead to under- or overestimation of the prognostic risk. We retrospectively applied WHO-5 and ICC to 603 MN cases harboring TP53 mut (variant allele frequency, VAF ≥ 2%). WHO-5 and ICC would not classify 64% and 20% of these cases as TP53 mut MN, respectively. Moreover, of those classified, 67.5% would be classified discrepantly. Primary drivers of discrepancies included: (i) prognostic importance of TP53 mut acute myeloid leukemia (AML), (ii) interaction of the blast percentage and allelic status, (iii) 17p.13.1 deletion detected by cytogenetics, (iv) complex karyotype (CK) as multi-hit equivalent, and (v) TP53 mut VAF threshold, we analyzed survival outcomes of each of these groups with an aim to provide clarity. TP53 mut AML was associated with significantly poor survival compared to TP53-wild type TP53 wt AML, myelodysplasia-related (AML, MR 4.7 vs. 18.3 months; P < 0.0001), supporting its inclusion within TP53 mut MN as a distinct subentity. Secondly, the survival of TP53 mut with blast 10–19% was poor regardless of the allelic status. Thirdly, for cases with a single TP53 mut with VAF < 50%, 17p13.1 del or CK serve as practical surrogates of biallelic inactivation, obviating the need for an additional copy number analysis. Finally, TP53 mut AML, MDS multi-hit/multi-hit equivalent with VAF < 10% had significantly poorer survival compared to TP53 mut MDS VAF < 10% without CK and 17p del, and were comparable to those with VAF ≥ 10% (14.1 vs. 48.8 vs.7.8 months, P < 0.0001). Collectively, these findings address key areas of contention and provide valuable insights that will guide future revisions of the WHO and ICC classifications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01290-0
spellingShingle Mithun Vinod Shah
Kevin Hung
Anmol Baranwal
Gauri Wechalekar
Aref Al-Kali
Carla R. Toop
Patricia Greipp
Monika M. Kutyna
Aasiya Matin
Dariusz Ladon
Antoine Saliba
Dong Chen
Kebede Begna
Anna Brown
Danielle Rud
Mark R. Litzow
William J. Hogan
Peter Bardy
Talha Badar
Sharad Kumar
David T. Yeung
Mrinal M. Patnaik
James M. Foran
Rong He
Naseema Gangat
Mehrdad Hefazi
Hamish S. Scott
Cecilia Y. Arana Yi
Hassan Alkhateeb
Abhishek A. Mangaonkar
Daniel Thomas
Christopher N. Hahn
Attilio Orazi
Daniel A. Arber
Chung Hoow Kok
Ayalew Tefferi
Devendra Hiwase
Validation of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification guidelines for TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasm in an independent international cohort
Blood Cancer Journal
title Validation of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification guidelines for TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasm in an independent international cohort
title_full Validation of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification guidelines for TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasm in an independent international cohort
title_fullStr Validation of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification guidelines for TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasm in an independent international cohort
title_full_unstemmed Validation of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification guidelines for TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasm in an independent international cohort
title_short Validation of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification guidelines for TP53-mutated myeloid neoplasm in an independent international cohort
title_sort validation of the 5th edition of the world health organization and international consensus classification guidelines for tp53 mutated myeloid neoplasm in an independent international cohort
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01290-0
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