Oil-in-water segmented flow in the optimized microfluidic system for surfactant-free ultrasonic emulsification

Abstract Droplet-based microfluidics is a promising technique for generating stable emulsions in various applications, including pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and biosensors. However, conventional methods rely on surfactants, which pose potential toxicity and environmental concerns. To address t...

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Main Authors: Hyeonji Hong, Eunbi Lee, Seonae Hwangbo, Il Doh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08650-7
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author Hyeonji Hong
Eunbi Lee
Seonae Hwangbo
Il Doh
author_facet Hyeonji Hong
Eunbi Lee
Seonae Hwangbo
Il Doh
author_sort Hyeonji Hong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Droplet-based microfluidics is a promising technique for generating stable emulsions in various applications, including pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and biosensors. However, conventional methods rely on surfactants, which pose potential toxicity and environmental concerns. To address this issue, we developed a microfluidic device for surfactant-free oil droplet generation, serving as a pre-processing stage for ultrasonic emulsification. Three microfluidic channels were designed: a conventional T-junction, a needle-inserted channel, and a needle-inserted glass capillary channel. Oil-water flow segmentation characteristics of the fabricated devices were analyzed using high-speed camera and image processing techniques. Results demonstrated that the needle-inserted glass capillary exhibited superior stability, effectively generating oil droplets rather than slugs by utilizing a higher water affinity and minimizing oil contact with the channel walls. Furthermore, when integrated with ultrasonic emulsification, the pre-fragmented oil droplets exhibited improved processing efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of combining microfluidic pre-processing with ultrasound emulsification as a viable alternative to surfactant-based methods, offering enhanced precision and sustainability in droplet generation and emulsion formation.
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spelling doaj-art-bb9c5f2b2e18400bb44e3e1bb8b6c7992025-08-20T03:03:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-08650-7Oil-in-water segmented flow in the optimized microfluidic system for surfactant-free ultrasonic emulsificationHyeonji Hong0Eunbi Lee1Seonae Hwangbo2Il Doh3Medical Metrology Group, Division of Biomedical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)Focused Ultra-Sonic Tech. Lab. (FUST Lab) Co., Ltd.Focused Ultra-Sonic Tech. Lab. (FUST Lab) Co., Ltd.Medical Metrology Group, Division of Biomedical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)Abstract Droplet-based microfluidics is a promising technique for generating stable emulsions in various applications, including pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and biosensors. However, conventional methods rely on surfactants, which pose potential toxicity and environmental concerns. To address this issue, we developed a microfluidic device for surfactant-free oil droplet generation, serving as a pre-processing stage for ultrasonic emulsification. Three microfluidic channels were designed: a conventional T-junction, a needle-inserted channel, and a needle-inserted glass capillary channel. Oil-water flow segmentation characteristics of the fabricated devices were analyzed using high-speed camera and image processing techniques. Results demonstrated that the needle-inserted glass capillary exhibited superior stability, effectively generating oil droplets rather than slugs by utilizing a higher water affinity and minimizing oil contact with the channel walls. Furthermore, when integrated with ultrasonic emulsification, the pre-fragmented oil droplets exhibited improved processing efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of combining microfluidic pre-processing with ultrasound emulsification as a viable alternative to surfactant-based methods, offering enhanced precision and sustainability in droplet generation and emulsion formation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08650-7MicrofluidicsOil-water segmented flow3D-printed chipUltrasoundEmulsification
spellingShingle Hyeonji Hong
Eunbi Lee
Seonae Hwangbo
Il Doh
Oil-in-water segmented flow in the optimized microfluidic system for surfactant-free ultrasonic emulsification
Scientific Reports
Microfluidics
Oil-water segmented flow
3D-printed chip
Ultrasound
Emulsification
title Oil-in-water segmented flow in the optimized microfluidic system for surfactant-free ultrasonic emulsification
title_full Oil-in-water segmented flow in the optimized microfluidic system for surfactant-free ultrasonic emulsification
title_fullStr Oil-in-water segmented flow in the optimized microfluidic system for surfactant-free ultrasonic emulsification
title_full_unstemmed Oil-in-water segmented flow in the optimized microfluidic system for surfactant-free ultrasonic emulsification
title_short Oil-in-water segmented flow in the optimized microfluidic system for surfactant-free ultrasonic emulsification
title_sort oil in water segmented flow in the optimized microfluidic system for surfactant free ultrasonic emulsification
topic Microfluidics
Oil-water segmented flow
3D-printed chip
Ultrasound
Emulsification
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08650-7
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