Quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization: a benchmarking study

Abstract Quantum annealing (QA) has the potential to significantly improve solution quality and reduce time complexity in solving combinatorial optimization problems compared to classical optimization methods. However, due to the limited number of qubits and their connectivity, the QA hardware did n...

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Main Authors: Seongmin Kim, Sang-Woo Ahn, In-Saeng Suh, Alexander W. Dowling, Eungkyu Lee, Tengfei Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:npj Quantum Information
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01020-1
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author Seongmin Kim
Sang-Woo Ahn
In-Saeng Suh
Alexander W. Dowling
Eungkyu Lee
Tengfei Luo
author_facet Seongmin Kim
Sang-Woo Ahn
In-Saeng Suh
Alexander W. Dowling
Eungkyu Lee
Tengfei Luo
author_sort Seongmin Kim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Quantum annealing (QA) has the potential to significantly improve solution quality and reduce time complexity in solving combinatorial optimization problems compared to classical optimization methods. However, due to the limited number of qubits and their connectivity, the QA hardware did not show such an advantage over classical methods in past benchmarking studies. Recent advancements in QA with more than 5000 qubits, enhanced qubit connectivity, and the hybrid architecture promise to realize the quantum advantage. Here, we use a quantum annealer with state-of-the-art techniques and benchmark its performance against classical solvers. To compare their performance, we solve over 50 optimization problem instances represented by large and dense Hamiltonian matrices using quantum and classical solvers. The results demonstrate that a state-of-the-art quantum solver has higher accuracy (~0.013%) and a significantly faster problem-solving time (~6561×) than the best classical solver. Our results highlight the advantages of leveraging QA over classical counterparts, particularly in hybrid configurations, for achieving high accuracy and substantially reduced problem solving time in large-scale real-world optimization problems.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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series npj Quantum Information
spelling doaj-art-bb9767b8eae949e2a040a39d208eaf2f2025-08-20T03:53:57ZengNature Portfolionpj Quantum Information2056-63872025-05-011111810.1038/s41534-025-01020-1Quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization: a benchmarking studySeongmin Kim0Sang-Woo Ahn1In-Saeng Suh2Alexander W. Dowling3Eungkyu Lee4Tengfei Luo5Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre DameDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee UniversityNational Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre DameDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee UniversityDepartment of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre DameAbstract Quantum annealing (QA) has the potential to significantly improve solution quality and reduce time complexity in solving combinatorial optimization problems compared to classical optimization methods. However, due to the limited number of qubits and their connectivity, the QA hardware did not show such an advantage over classical methods in past benchmarking studies. Recent advancements in QA with more than 5000 qubits, enhanced qubit connectivity, and the hybrid architecture promise to realize the quantum advantage. Here, we use a quantum annealer with state-of-the-art techniques and benchmark its performance against classical solvers. To compare their performance, we solve over 50 optimization problem instances represented by large and dense Hamiltonian matrices using quantum and classical solvers. The results demonstrate that a state-of-the-art quantum solver has higher accuracy (~0.013%) and a significantly faster problem-solving time (~6561×) than the best classical solver. Our results highlight the advantages of leveraging QA over classical counterparts, particularly in hybrid configurations, for achieving high accuracy and substantially reduced problem solving time in large-scale real-world optimization problems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01020-1
spellingShingle Seongmin Kim
Sang-Woo Ahn
In-Saeng Suh
Alexander W. Dowling
Eungkyu Lee
Tengfei Luo
Quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization: a benchmarking study
npj Quantum Information
title Quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization: a benchmarking study
title_full Quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization: a benchmarking study
title_fullStr Quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization: a benchmarking study
title_full_unstemmed Quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization: a benchmarking study
title_short Quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization: a benchmarking study
title_sort quantum annealing for combinatorial optimization a benchmarking study
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01020-1
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