Bismuth toxicity: a rare cause of non-convulsive status epilepticus

Introduction Bismuth is a heavy metal that is used for therapeutic purposes including over the counter formulations. Here we describe a case of status epilepticus related to bismuth toxicity.Case report A 77-year-old woman had witnessed seizures at home which continued as status epilepticus in the h...

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Main Authors: Tyler Maggio, Nancy Mikati, Boulos Nassar, Marielle Brenner, Daniel McCabe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Toxicology Communications
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/24734306.2025.2492977
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author Tyler Maggio
Nancy Mikati
Boulos Nassar
Marielle Brenner
Daniel McCabe
author_facet Tyler Maggio
Nancy Mikati
Boulos Nassar
Marielle Brenner
Daniel McCabe
author_sort Tyler Maggio
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Bismuth is a heavy metal that is used for therapeutic purposes including over the counter formulations. Here we describe a case of status epilepticus related to bismuth toxicity.Case report A 77-year-old woman had witnessed seizures at home which continued as status epilepticus in the hospital. Neuroimaging did not reveal a cause of seizures, which continued despite correction of various metabolic derangements. Lumbar puncture later did not reveal signs of infection. She eventually required numerous antiepileptic agents to maintain burst suppression. Bismuth concentrations were elevated in the urine (5800 mcg/L) and cerebrospinal fluid (1.8 mcg/L).Discussion Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency that requires hospitalization with a variety of potential causes including bismuth intoxication. Recent initiation of bismuth subsalicylate and high concentrations in the urine and cerebrospinal fluid support bismuth toxicity as the cause of refractory status epilepticus in this patient.
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spelling doaj-art-bb95a6e4b53d4271b6e0393de22ca2982025-08-20T02:11:50ZengTaylor & Francis GroupToxicology Communications2473-43062025-12-019110.1080/24734306.2025.2492977Bismuth toxicity: a rare cause of non-convulsive status epilepticusTyler Maggio0Nancy Mikati1Boulos Nassar2Marielle Brenner3Daniel McCabe4Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USAIntroduction Bismuth is a heavy metal that is used for therapeutic purposes including over the counter formulations. Here we describe a case of status epilepticus related to bismuth toxicity.Case report A 77-year-old woman had witnessed seizures at home which continued as status epilepticus in the hospital. Neuroimaging did not reveal a cause of seizures, which continued despite correction of various metabolic derangements. Lumbar puncture later did not reveal signs of infection. She eventually required numerous antiepileptic agents to maintain burst suppression. Bismuth concentrations were elevated in the urine (5800 mcg/L) and cerebrospinal fluid (1.8 mcg/L).Discussion Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency that requires hospitalization with a variety of potential causes including bismuth intoxication. Recent initiation of bismuth subsalicylate and high concentrations in the urine and cerebrospinal fluid support bismuth toxicity as the cause of refractory status epilepticus in this patient.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/24734306.2025.2492977Non-convulsive status epilepticusbismuthheavy metal toxicity
spellingShingle Tyler Maggio
Nancy Mikati
Boulos Nassar
Marielle Brenner
Daniel McCabe
Bismuth toxicity: a rare cause of non-convulsive status epilepticus
Toxicology Communications
Non-convulsive status epilepticus
bismuth
heavy metal toxicity
title Bismuth toxicity: a rare cause of non-convulsive status epilepticus
title_full Bismuth toxicity: a rare cause of non-convulsive status epilepticus
title_fullStr Bismuth toxicity: a rare cause of non-convulsive status epilepticus
title_full_unstemmed Bismuth toxicity: a rare cause of non-convulsive status epilepticus
title_short Bismuth toxicity: a rare cause of non-convulsive status epilepticus
title_sort bismuth toxicity a rare cause of non convulsive status epilepticus
topic Non-convulsive status epilepticus
bismuth
heavy metal toxicity
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/24734306.2025.2492977
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AT boulosnassar bismuthtoxicityararecauseofnonconvulsivestatusepilepticus
AT mariellebrenner bismuthtoxicityararecauseofnonconvulsivestatusepilepticus
AT danielmccabe bismuthtoxicityararecauseofnonconvulsivestatusepilepticus