PilY1 regulates the dynamic architecture of the type IV pilus machine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract Type IV pili (T4P) produced by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a pivotal role in adhesion, surface motility, biofilm formation, and infection in humans. Despite the significance of T4P as a potential therapeutic target, key details of their dynamic assembly and underlying molecular...

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Main Authors: Shuaiqi Guo, Yunjie Chang, Yves V. Brun, P. Lynne Howell, Lori L. Burrows, Jun Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-10-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53638-y
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author Shuaiqi Guo
Yunjie Chang
Yves V. Brun
P. Lynne Howell
Lori L. Burrows
Jun Liu
author_facet Shuaiqi Guo
Yunjie Chang
Yves V. Brun
P. Lynne Howell
Lori L. Burrows
Jun Liu
author_sort Shuaiqi Guo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Type IV pili (T4P) produced by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a pivotal role in adhesion, surface motility, biofilm formation, and infection in humans. Despite the significance of T4P as a potential therapeutic target, key details of their dynamic assembly and underlying molecular mechanisms of pilus extension and retraction remain elusive, primarily due to challenges in isolating intact T4P machines from the bacterial cell envelope. Here, we combine cryo-electron tomography with subtomogram averaging and integrative modelling to resolve in-situ architectural details of the dynamic T4P machine in P. aeruginosa cells. The T4P machine forms 7-fold symmetric cage-like structures anchored in the cell envelope, providing a molecular framework for the rapid exchange of major pilin subunits during pilus extension and retraction. Our data suggest that the T4P adhesin PilY1 forms a champagne-cork-shaped structure, effectively blocking the secretin channel in the outer membrane whereas the minor-pilin complex in the periplasm appears to contact PilY1 via the central pore of the secretin gate. These findings point to a hypothetical model where the interplay between the secretin protein PilQ and the PilY1-minor-pilin priming complex is important for optimizing conformations of the T4P machine in P. aeruginosa, suggesting a gate-keeping mechanism that regulates pilus dynamics.
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spelling doaj-art-bb927c40bd0e4cb3b57ee488b6cea7ff2025-08-20T02:18:33ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232024-10-0115111210.1038/s41467-024-53638-yPilY1 regulates the dynamic architecture of the type IV pilus machine in Pseudomonas aeruginosaShuaiqi Guo0Yunjie Chang1Yves V. Brun2P. Lynne Howell3Lori L. Burrows4Jun Liu5Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of MedicineDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of MedicineDépartement de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de MontréalDepartment of Biochemistry, University of TorontoDavid Braley Center for Antibiotic Discovery, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster UniversityDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of MedicineAbstract Type IV pili (T4P) produced by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a pivotal role in adhesion, surface motility, biofilm formation, and infection in humans. Despite the significance of T4P as a potential therapeutic target, key details of their dynamic assembly and underlying molecular mechanisms of pilus extension and retraction remain elusive, primarily due to challenges in isolating intact T4P machines from the bacterial cell envelope. Here, we combine cryo-electron tomography with subtomogram averaging and integrative modelling to resolve in-situ architectural details of the dynamic T4P machine in P. aeruginosa cells. The T4P machine forms 7-fold symmetric cage-like structures anchored in the cell envelope, providing a molecular framework for the rapid exchange of major pilin subunits during pilus extension and retraction. Our data suggest that the T4P adhesin PilY1 forms a champagne-cork-shaped structure, effectively blocking the secretin channel in the outer membrane whereas the minor-pilin complex in the periplasm appears to contact PilY1 via the central pore of the secretin gate. These findings point to a hypothetical model where the interplay between the secretin protein PilQ and the PilY1-minor-pilin priming complex is important for optimizing conformations of the T4P machine in P. aeruginosa, suggesting a gate-keeping mechanism that regulates pilus dynamics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53638-y
spellingShingle Shuaiqi Guo
Yunjie Chang
Yves V. Brun
P. Lynne Howell
Lori L. Burrows
Jun Liu
PilY1 regulates the dynamic architecture of the type IV pilus machine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nature Communications
title PilY1 regulates the dynamic architecture of the type IV pilus machine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_full PilY1 regulates the dynamic architecture of the type IV pilus machine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_fullStr PilY1 regulates the dynamic architecture of the type IV pilus machine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_full_unstemmed PilY1 regulates the dynamic architecture of the type IV pilus machine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_short PilY1 regulates the dynamic architecture of the type IV pilus machine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_sort pily1 regulates the dynamic architecture of the type iv pilus machine in pseudomonas aeruginosa
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53638-y
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