Tomato Yield Under Different Shading Levels in an Agrivoltaic Greenhouse in Southern Spain
Agrivoltaic greenhouses in southern Spain offer a sustainable way to manage excessive irradiance levels by generating renewable energy. This study presents a shading experiment on tomato cultivation in a raspa-y-amagado greenhouse in Almeria, southern Spain, during the 2023–2024 growing season. Phot...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | AgriEngineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/6/178 |
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| author | Anna Kujawa Julian Kornas Natalie Hanrieder Sergio González Rodríguez Lyubomir Hristov Álvaro Fernández Solas Stefan Wilbert Manuel Jesus Blanco Leontina Berzosa Álvarez Ana Martínez Gallardo Adoración Amate González Marina Casas Fernandez Francisco Javier Palmero Luque Manuel López Godoy María del Carmen Alonso-García José Antonio Carballo Luis Fernando Zarzalejo Tirado Cristina Cornaro Robert Pitz-Paal |
| author_facet | Anna Kujawa Julian Kornas Natalie Hanrieder Sergio González Rodríguez Lyubomir Hristov Álvaro Fernández Solas Stefan Wilbert Manuel Jesus Blanco Leontina Berzosa Álvarez Ana Martínez Gallardo Adoración Amate González Marina Casas Fernandez Francisco Javier Palmero Luque Manuel López Godoy María del Carmen Alonso-García José Antonio Carballo Luis Fernando Zarzalejo Tirado Cristina Cornaro Robert Pitz-Paal |
| author_sort | Anna Kujawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agrivoltaic greenhouses in southern Spain offer a sustainable way to manage excessive irradiance levels by generating renewable energy. This study presents a shading experiment on tomato cultivation in a raspa-y-amagado greenhouse in Almeria, southern Spain, during the 2023–2024 growing season. Photovoltaic modules were mimicked by opaque plastic sheets that were arranged in a checkerboard pattern on the roof of the greenhouse. Two shading zones (30% and 50% roof cover ratio) were compared against an unshaded control zone. Microclimate, plant physiology, yield and quality were monitored during the study. The results show that shading influenced the microclimate, which directly impacted crop yield. The 30% and 50% shading zones resulted in 15% and 26% crop yield reductions, respectively. A preliminary, theoretical analysis of potential revenues of the photovoltaic yield showed that reductions in crop yield can be overcompensated by the energy generated by the PV system. For the summer crop cycle, a higher PV production and lower crop yield reductions can be expected. The economic advantage demonstrates the potential of agrivoltaic greenhouses in southern Spain. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bb81e62e6c8d4414bb49ba1330053f93 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2624-7402 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AgriEngineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-bb81e62e6c8d4414bb49ba1330053f932025-08-20T03:24:28ZengMDPI AGAgriEngineering2624-74022025-06-017617810.3390/agriengineering7060178Tomato Yield Under Different Shading Levels in an Agrivoltaic Greenhouse in Southern SpainAnna Kujawa0Julian Kornas1Natalie Hanrieder2Sergio González Rodríguez3Lyubomir Hristov4Álvaro Fernández Solas5Stefan Wilbert6Manuel Jesus Blanco7Leontina Berzosa Álvarez8Ana Martínez Gallardo9Adoración Amate González10Marina Casas Fernandez11Francisco Javier Palmero Luque12Manuel López Godoy13María del Carmen Alonso-García14José Antonio Carballo15Luis Fernando Zarzalejo Tirado16Cristina Cornaro17Robert Pitz-Paal18German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Institute of Solar Research, Calle Dr Carracido 44, 04005 Almeria, SpainGerman Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Institute of Solar Research, Calle Dr Carracido 44, 04005 Almeria, SpainGerman Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Institute of Solar Research, Calle Dr Carracido 44, 04005 Almeria, SpainGerman Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Institute of Solar Research, Calle Dr Carracido 44, 04005 Almeria, SpainGerman Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Institute of Solar Research, Calle Dr Carracido 44, 04005 Almeria, SpainGerman Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Institute of Solar Research, Calle Dr Carracido 44, 04005 Almeria, SpainGerman Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Institute of Solar Research, Calle Dr Carracido 44, 04005 Almeria, SpainGerman Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Institute of Solar Research, Calle Dr Carracido 44, 04005 Almeria, SpainAnecoop S. Coop., Calle Monforte 1, 46010 Valencia, SpainAnecoop S. Coop., Calle Monforte 1, 46010 Valencia, SpainAnecoop S. Coop., Calle Monforte 1, 46010 Valencia, SpainAnecoop S. Coop., Calle Monforte 1, 46010 Valencia, SpainFundacíon Finca Experimental UAL-Anecoop, Paraje Los Goterones s/n, 04131 Almeria, SpainFundacíon Finca Experimental UAL-Anecoop, Paraje Los Goterones s/n, 04131 Almeria, SpainPhotovoltaic Solar Energy Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, SpainPlataforma Solar de Almería, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Ctra. de Senés s/n, 04200 Tabernas, SpainRenewable Energy Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Enterprise Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyGerman Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), Institute of Solar Research, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, GermanyAgrivoltaic greenhouses in southern Spain offer a sustainable way to manage excessive irradiance levels by generating renewable energy. This study presents a shading experiment on tomato cultivation in a raspa-y-amagado greenhouse in Almeria, southern Spain, during the 2023–2024 growing season. Photovoltaic modules were mimicked by opaque plastic sheets that were arranged in a checkerboard pattern on the roof of the greenhouse. Two shading zones (30% and 50% roof cover ratio) were compared against an unshaded control zone. Microclimate, plant physiology, yield and quality were monitored during the study. The results show that shading influenced the microclimate, which directly impacted crop yield. The 30% and 50% shading zones resulted in 15% and 26% crop yield reductions, respectively. A preliminary, theoretical analysis of potential revenues of the photovoltaic yield showed that reductions in crop yield can be overcompensated by the energy generated by the PV system. For the summer crop cycle, a higher PV production and lower crop yield reductions can be expected. The economic advantage demonstrates the potential of agrivoltaic greenhouses in southern Spain.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/6/178agrivoltaicphotovoltaic greenhousetomatoshadingmicroclimateyield |
| spellingShingle | Anna Kujawa Julian Kornas Natalie Hanrieder Sergio González Rodríguez Lyubomir Hristov Álvaro Fernández Solas Stefan Wilbert Manuel Jesus Blanco Leontina Berzosa Álvarez Ana Martínez Gallardo Adoración Amate González Marina Casas Fernandez Francisco Javier Palmero Luque Manuel López Godoy María del Carmen Alonso-García José Antonio Carballo Luis Fernando Zarzalejo Tirado Cristina Cornaro Robert Pitz-Paal Tomato Yield Under Different Shading Levels in an Agrivoltaic Greenhouse in Southern Spain AgriEngineering agrivoltaic photovoltaic greenhouse tomato shading microclimate yield |
| title | Tomato Yield Under Different Shading Levels in an Agrivoltaic Greenhouse in Southern Spain |
| title_full | Tomato Yield Under Different Shading Levels in an Agrivoltaic Greenhouse in Southern Spain |
| title_fullStr | Tomato Yield Under Different Shading Levels in an Agrivoltaic Greenhouse in Southern Spain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tomato Yield Under Different Shading Levels in an Agrivoltaic Greenhouse in Southern Spain |
| title_short | Tomato Yield Under Different Shading Levels in an Agrivoltaic Greenhouse in Southern Spain |
| title_sort | tomato yield under different shading levels in an agrivoltaic greenhouse in southern spain |
| topic | agrivoltaic photovoltaic greenhouse tomato shading microclimate yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/6/178 |
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