Allicin and hesperidin protect sperm production from environmental toxins in mice
Abstract This study investigates the protective effects of Allicin (A), a bioactive compound from garlic, and Hesperidin (HSD), a citrus flavonoid, against reproductive damage induced by para-nonylphenol (p-NP), an environmental pollutant, in mice. Fifty 8- to 10-week-old NMRI mice were divided into...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97730-9 |
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| author | Golsa Behnejad Tohid Mohammadi Ali Soleimanzadeh |
| author_facet | Golsa Behnejad Tohid Mohammadi Ali Soleimanzadeh |
| author_sort | Golsa Behnejad |
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| description | Abstract This study investigates the protective effects of Allicin (A), a bioactive compound from garlic, and Hesperidin (HSD), a citrus flavonoid, against reproductive damage induced by para-nonylphenol (p-NP), an environmental pollutant, in mice. Fifty 8- to 10-week-old NMRI mice were divided into five groups: a control group, a group exposed to p-NP, and three groups treated with p-NP plus either Allicin, Hesperidin, or both. Treatments lasted for 35 days. Researchers analyzed sperm count, viability, motility, DNA damage, and morphology, alongside testicular parenchyma markers like antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Hormone levels (testosterone, LH, and FSH), testicular histopathology, apoptosis-related gene expression, and fertility indices were also evaluated. Results showed that mice treated with Allicin, Hesperidin, or both had reduced abnormal sperm morphology and DNA damage, with improvements in sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity compared to the p-NP group. Antioxidant enzyme activities (TAC, SOD, GPx) and hormone levels increased, while MDA levels decreased, indicating reduced oxidative stress. Furthermore, expression of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and caspase-3 declined, while anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression rose. Treated mice demonstrated higher fertility indices and hormone levels. These findings suggest Allicin and Hesperidin mitigate p-NP-induced testicular damage by enhancing antioxidant defenses and regulating cell death pathways. |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bb7f3c2678cc4b3eaf3391769c5e35a62025-08-20T03:14:10ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-97730-9Allicin and hesperidin protect sperm production from environmental toxins in miceGolsa Behnejad0Tohid Mohammadi1Ali Soleimanzadeh2Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia UniversityAbstract This study investigates the protective effects of Allicin (A), a bioactive compound from garlic, and Hesperidin (HSD), a citrus flavonoid, against reproductive damage induced by para-nonylphenol (p-NP), an environmental pollutant, in mice. Fifty 8- to 10-week-old NMRI mice were divided into five groups: a control group, a group exposed to p-NP, and three groups treated with p-NP plus either Allicin, Hesperidin, or both. Treatments lasted for 35 days. Researchers analyzed sperm count, viability, motility, DNA damage, and morphology, alongside testicular parenchyma markers like antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Hormone levels (testosterone, LH, and FSH), testicular histopathology, apoptosis-related gene expression, and fertility indices were also evaluated. Results showed that mice treated with Allicin, Hesperidin, or both had reduced abnormal sperm morphology and DNA damage, with improvements in sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity compared to the p-NP group. Antioxidant enzyme activities (TAC, SOD, GPx) and hormone levels increased, while MDA levels decreased, indicating reduced oxidative stress. Furthermore, expression of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and caspase-3 declined, while anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression rose. Treated mice demonstrated higher fertility indices and hormone levels. These findings suggest Allicin and Hesperidin mitigate p-NP-induced testicular damage by enhancing antioxidant defenses and regulating cell death pathways.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97730-9Environmental toxicologyReproductive healthOxidative stressApoptosisFertility |
| spellingShingle | Golsa Behnejad Tohid Mohammadi Ali Soleimanzadeh Allicin and hesperidin protect sperm production from environmental toxins in mice Scientific Reports Environmental toxicology Reproductive health Oxidative stress Apoptosis Fertility |
| title | Allicin and hesperidin protect sperm production from environmental toxins in mice |
| title_full | Allicin and hesperidin protect sperm production from environmental toxins in mice |
| title_fullStr | Allicin and hesperidin protect sperm production from environmental toxins in mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Allicin and hesperidin protect sperm production from environmental toxins in mice |
| title_short | Allicin and hesperidin protect sperm production from environmental toxins in mice |
| title_sort | allicin and hesperidin protect sperm production from environmental toxins in mice |
| topic | Environmental toxicology Reproductive health Oxidative stress Apoptosis Fertility |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97730-9 |
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