Using virtual reality technology to treat adolescent and young adult depression disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract This study conducted a comprehensive and systematic review of the virtual reality (VR) intervention on depression disorder in adolescents and young adults over the past fourteen years (January 2011 to December 2024). It focused specially on the features of VR and the design of treatment pro...

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Main Authors: Yilong Pu, Heng Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-025-00384-x
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author Yilong Pu
Heng Luo
author_facet Yilong Pu
Heng Luo
author_sort Yilong Pu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study conducted a comprehensive and systematic review of the virtual reality (VR) intervention on depression disorder in adolescents and young adults over the past fourteen years (January 2011 to December 2024). It focused specially on the features of VR and the design of treatment program. A total of 16 relevant articles, encompassing 23 empirical studies, were included. Data were coded and analyzed from five dimensions: metadata information, participant characteristics, research design, technological features, and treatment program design. To test the overall effect of VR technology for adolescent and young adult depression, we conducted a meta-analysis of 19 experimental studies (55 outcomes) of the studies. The results of meta-analysis revealed that VR intervention demonstrated an overall medium effect size (Hedge’s g = 0.486) in treating depression disorder among adolescents and young adult depression. Significant moderating effects were observed for factors such as age group, the number of intervention sessions, the type of VR technology, therapeutic objectives and approaches. Based on these findings, the study offers practical recommendations and directions for future research.
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spelling doaj-art-bb66cfd5f41243fca4a8329931fbfe222025-08-20T03:46:29ZengSpringerDiscover Psychology2731-45372025-07-015112810.1007/s44202-025-00384-xUsing virtual reality technology to treat adolescent and young adult depression disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysisYilong Pu0Heng Luo1Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal UniversityFaculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal UniversityAbstract This study conducted a comprehensive and systematic review of the virtual reality (VR) intervention on depression disorder in adolescents and young adults over the past fourteen years (January 2011 to December 2024). It focused specially on the features of VR and the design of treatment program. A total of 16 relevant articles, encompassing 23 empirical studies, were included. Data were coded and analyzed from five dimensions: metadata information, participant characteristics, research design, technological features, and treatment program design. To test the overall effect of VR technology for adolescent and young adult depression, we conducted a meta-analysis of 19 experimental studies (55 outcomes) of the studies. The results of meta-analysis revealed that VR intervention demonstrated an overall medium effect size (Hedge’s g = 0.486) in treating depression disorder among adolescents and young adult depression. Significant moderating effects were observed for factors such as age group, the number of intervention sessions, the type of VR technology, therapeutic objectives and approaches. Based on these findings, the study offers practical recommendations and directions for future research.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-025-00384-xVirtual realityDepressionAdolescentYoung adult
spellingShingle Yilong Pu
Heng Luo
Using virtual reality technology to treat adolescent and young adult depression disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Discover Psychology
Virtual reality
Depression
Adolescent
Young adult
title Using virtual reality technology to treat adolescent and young adult depression disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Using virtual reality technology to treat adolescent and young adult depression disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Using virtual reality technology to treat adolescent and young adult depression disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Using virtual reality technology to treat adolescent and young adult depression disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Using virtual reality technology to treat adolescent and young adult depression disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort using virtual reality technology to treat adolescent and young adult depression disorder a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Virtual reality
Depression
Adolescent
Young adult
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-025-00384-x
work_keys_str_mv AT yilongpu usingvirtualrealitytechnologytotreatadolescentandyoungadultdepressiondisorderasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis
AT hengluo usingvirtualrealitytechnologytotreatadolescentandyoungadultdepressiondisorderasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis