Reaction parameter optimization of ammonium sulfate production from phosphogypsum
Phosphogypsum (PG), the by-product of wet process phosphoric acid production, has a high recycle and reuse potential within the scope of compliance with CE strategies. This study offers a straightforward, two-step solid/liquid heterogeneous reaction sequence, providing the conversion of PG to ammoni...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1451-9372/2025/1451-93722400013A.pdf |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | Phosphogypsum (PG), the by-product of wet process phosphoric acid production, has a high recycle and reuse potential within the scope of compliance with CE strategies. This study offers a straightforward, two-step solid/liquid heterogeneous reaction sequence, providing the conversion of PG to ammonium sulfate (AS). Experiments were conducted following the OFAT design matrix with 3 factors, namely solid/liquid (w/v) ratio, pH, and particle size. The highest PG to AS conversion was achieved at 54.55% by utilizing PG below 125 μm particle size in the reaction performed with 1/10 solid/liquid (w/v) ratio at pH 10. Nitrogen and sulfur content of AS samples were characterized by Dumas Method and gravimetric SO4 (ISO 9280:1990) analysis, respectively. The elemental composition was determined by ICP-OES, the crystallographic structure was investigated by XRD analysis, and the surface morphology of the particles obtained in the reaction was examined by SEM analysis. The chemical composition of AS product obtained at these conditions was determined as 21.29 wt% nitrogen and 24.23 wt% sulfur, respectively; where theoretical nitrogen and sulfur content in AS is 21.21 wt% and 24.24 wt%, respectively. This study provides outputs that have industrial importance since it proposes a novel approach for effective waste valorization and a new insight into AS production in the current fertilizer shortage. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 1451-9372 2217-7434 |