Valoración del odio en medios españoles: tipologías, intensidades y escenarios digitales

Purpose. This study analyzes the perception of communication professionals, the social sector, and academia regarding the presence and dissemination of hate speech in Spanish digital news media, aiming to identify discrepancies between their perceptions and media reality. Methodology. An explorator...

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Main Authors: Julio Montero-Díaz, Elias Said-Hung, Alicia Moreno-Delgado
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidad de Alicante 2025-04-01
Series:Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mediterranea-comunicacion.org/article/view/28666
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author Julio Montero-Díaz
Elias Said-Hung
Alicia Moreno-Delgado
author_facet Julio Montero-Díaz
Elias Said-Hung
Alicia Moreno-Delgado
author_sort Julio Montero-Díaz
collection DOAJ
description Purpose. This study analyzes the perception of communication professionals, the social sector, and academia regarding the presence and dissemination of hate speech in Spanish digital news media, aiming to identify discrepancies between their perceptions and media reality. Methodology. An exploratory study was conducted using an online survey applied to a random sample of 199 media professionals, third-sector representatives, and academic researchers. These data were then compared with the analysis of 9,278,137 messages collected from Facebook, X, and the institutional web portals of five Spanish digital media outlets. Results and conclusions. The findings reveal significant divergences between the respondents' perceptions and the actual dissemination of hate speech, particularly concerning the platforms where hate is most prevalent. Xenophobic hate is prioritized over other typologies, while political hate is underestimated. Additionally, respondents tend to focus on extreme forms of hate speech, overlooking lower-intensity expressions that contribute to the normalization of incivility. Novelty. This study provides a replicable methodology to assess perceptions of hate speech in digital media and compare them with empirical data, contributing to the development of more effective monitoring strategies aligned with the realities of digital communication.
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publisher Universidad de Alicante
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series Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación
spelling doaj-art-bb59fe340e9e4a6baf8fe7cbaf0136542025-08-20T02:16:06ZengUniversidad de AlicanteRevista Mediterránea de Comunicación1989-872X2025-04-0110.14198/MEDCOM.28666Valoración del odio en medios españoles: tipologías, intensidades y escenarios digitalesJulio Montero-Díaz0Elias Said-Hung1Alicia Moreno-Delgado2Universidad Internacional De La Rioja / Universidad VillanuevaUniversidad Internacional de La RiojaUniversidad Internacional de la Rioja Purpose. This study analyzes the perception of communication professionals, the social sector, and academia regarding the presence and dissemination of hate speech in Spanish digital news media, aiming to identify discrepancies between their perceptions and media reality. Methodology. An exploratory study was conducted using an online survey applied to a random sample of 199 media professionals, third-sector representatives, and academic researchers. These data were then compared with the analysis of 9,278,137 messages collected from Facebook, X, and the institutional web portals of five Spanish digital media outlets. Results and conclusions. The findings reveal significant divergences between the respondents' perceptions and the actual dissemination of hate speech, particularly concerning the platforms where hate is most prevalent. Xenophobic hate is prioritized over other typologies, while political hate is underestimated. Additionally, respondents tend to focus on extreme forms of hate speech, overlooking lower-intensity expressions that contribute to the normalization of incivility. Novelty. This study provides a replicable methodology to assess perceptions of hate speech in digital media and compare them with empirical data, contributing to the development of more effective monitoring strategies aligned with the realities of digital communication. https://www.mediterranea-comunicacion.org/article/view/28666Detecciónexpresiones de odiomedios digitalesmedios informativosmonitorieoredes sociales
spellingShingle Julio Montero-Díaz
Elias Said-Hung
Alicia Moreno-Delgado
Valoración del odio en medios españoles: tipologías, intensidades y escenarios digitales
Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación
Detección
expresiones de odio
medios digitales
medios informativos
monitorieo
redes sociales
title Valoración del odio en medios españoles: tipologías, intensidades y escenarios digitales
title_full Valoración del odio en medios españoles: tipologías, intensidades y escenarios digitales
title_fullStr Valoración del odio en medios españoles: tipologías, intensidades y escenarios digitales
title_full_unstemmed Valoración del odio en medios españoles: tipologías, intensidades y escenarios digitales
title_short Valoración del odio en medios españoles: tipologías, intensidades y escenarios digitales
title_sort valoracion del odio en medios espanoles tipologias intensidades y escenarios digitales
topic Detección
expresiones de odio
medios digitales
medios informativos
monitorieo
redes sociales
url https://www.mediterranea-comunicacion.org/article/view/28666
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AT eliassaidhung valoraciondelodioenmediosespanolestipologiasintensidadesyescenariosdigitales
AT aliciamorenodelgado valoraciondelodioenmediosespanolestipologiasintensidadesyescenariosdigitales