Performance analysis of dual-fuel engines using acetylene and microalgae biodiesel: The role of fuel injection timing
This study evaluates the impact of varying fuel injection timing (FIT) and dual-fuel modes on the performance and emissions of a compression ignition (CI) engine under different load conditions. The biodiesel used was derived from Chlorella protothecoides microalgae through a two-step transesterific...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24014011 |
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| author | M. Sonachalam R. Jayaprakash V. Manieniyan P.S. Raghavendra Rao G. Vinodhini Manish Sharma Teku Kalyani Mahammadsalman Warimani Hasan Sh Majdi T.M. Yunus Khan Abdul Saddique Shaik Keerthi Shetty |
| author_facet | M. Sonachalam R. Jayaprakash V. Manieniyan P.S. Raghavendra Rao G. Vinodhini Manish Sharma Teku Kalyani Mahammadsalman Warimani Hasan Sh Majdi T.M. Yunus Khan Abdul Saddique Shaik Keerthi Shetty |
| author_sort | M. Sonachalam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluates the impact of varying fuel injection timing (FIT) and dual-fuel modes on the performance and emissions of a compression ignition (CI) engine under different load conditions. The biodiesel used was derived from Chlorella protothecoides microalgae through a two-step transesterification process, and its elemental composition was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Acetylene gas was introduced into the engine intake manifold at a rate of 3 L per minute (LPM), while a blend of 20 % methyl ester from Chlorella protothecoides (B20 MEOA) served as the primary injected fuel. To predict engine performance and emission characteristics, advanced machine learning models were employed and evaluated using four statistical criteria, including R-squared, mean absolute error (MAE), and mean squared error (MSE). Experimental results indicated that the optimal configuration involved a dual-fuel mode combining B20 MEOA with acetylene gas and an advanced FIT of 25° before top dead center (bTDC). Performance analysis revealed that under all load conditions, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) decreased by 7.3 %, while brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 1.6 % compared to conventional diesel. Emission testing showed a 7.6 % rise in nitrogen oxide emissions, alongside significant reductions in unburned hydrocarbons (12.5 %), carbon monoxide (25.6 %), and smoke intensity (7.5 %) relative to standard diesel operation. Optimization of the engine parameters ensured that key metrics, such as brake power (BP) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), remained within acceptable limits. The random forest model outperformed other machine learning models, demonstrating superior accuracy in predicting performance and emissions across all statistical measures. This study underscores the potential of combining advanced biodiesel blends with optimized FIT strategies to improve engine efficiency and emissions control, offering a promising approach for sustainable dual-fuel engine operations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bb56b2c0b67f4221a58d471ed15e970b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2214-157X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-bb56b2c0b67f4221a58d471ed15e970b2025-08-20T02:21:06ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2024-12-016410537010.1016/j.csite.2024.105370Performance analysis of dual-fuel engines using acetylene and microalgae biodiesel: The role of fuel injection timingM. Sonachalam0R. Jayaprakash1V. Manieniyan2P.S. Raghavendra Rao3G. Vinodhini4Manish Sharma5Teku Kalyani6Mahammadsalman Warimani7Hasan Sh Majdi8T.M. Yunus Khan9Abdul Saddique Shaik10Keerthi Shetty11Department of Mechanical Engineering, Arvind Gavali College of Engineering, Satara, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saraswathy College of Engineering & Technology, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai University, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Information Technology, Annamalai University, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Raghu Engineering College, Dakamarri, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaP.A. College of Engineering, Mangalore, Karnataka, India; Corresponding author.Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, IraqDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi ArabiaDept of MCA, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Udupi, IndiaThis study evaluates the impact of varying fuel injection timing (FIT) and dual-fuel modes on the performance and emissions of a compression ignition (CI) engine under different load conditions. The biodiesel used was derived from Chlorella protothecoides microalgae through a two-step transesterification process, and its elemental composition was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Acetylene gas was introduced into the engine intake manifold at a rate of 3 L per minute (LPM), while a blend of 20 % methyl ester from Chlorella protothecoides (B20 MEOA) served as the primary injected fuel. To predict engine performance and emission characteristics, advanced machine learning models were employed and evaluated using four statistical criteria, including R-squared, mean absolute error (MAE), and mean squared error (MSE). Experimental results indicated that the optimal configuration involved a dual-fuel mode combining B20 MEOA with acetylene gas and an advanced FIT of 25° before top dead center (bTDC). Performance analysis revealed that under all load conditions, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) decreased by 7.3 %, while brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 1.6 % compared to conventional diesel. Emission testing showed a 7.6 % rise in nitrogen oxide emissions, alongside significant reductions in unburned hydrocarbons (12.5 %), carbon monoxide (25.6 %), and smoke intensity (7.5 %) relative to standard diesel operation. Optimization of the engine parameters ensured that key metrics, such as brake power (BP) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), remained within acceptable limits. The random forest model outperformed other machine learning models, demonstrating superior accuracy in predicting performance and emissions across all statistical measures. This study underscores the potential of combining advanced biodiesel blends with optimized FIT strategies to improve engine efficiency and emissions control, offering a promising approach for sustainable dual-fuel engine operations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24014011Micro algaeAcetyleneInjection timingDual fuel |
| spellingShingle | M. Sonachalam R. Jayaprakash V. Manieniyan P.S. Raghavendra Rao G. Vinodhini Manish Sharma Teku Kalyani Mahammadsalman Warimani Hasan Sh Majdi T.M. Yunus Khan Abdul Saddique Shaik Keerthi Shetty Performance analysis of dual-fuel engines using acetylene and microalgae biodiesel: The role of fuel injection timing Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Micro algae Acetylene Injection timing Dual fuel |
| title | Performance analysis of dual-fuel engines using acetylene and microalgae biodiesel: The role of fuel injection timing |
| title_full | Performance analysis of dual-fuel engines using acetylene and microalgae biodiesel: The role of fuel injection timing |
| title_fullStr | Performance analysis of dual-fuel engines using acetylene and microalgae biodiesel: The role of fuel injection timing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance analysis of dual-fuel engines using acetylene and microalgae biodiesel: The role of fuel injection timing |
| title_short | Performance analysis of dual-fuel engines using acetylene and microalgae biodiesel: The role of fuel injection timing |
| title_sort | performance analysis of dual fuel engines using acetylene and microalgae biodiesel the role of fuel injection timing |
| topic | Micro algae Acetylene Injection timing Dual fuel |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24014011 |
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