Influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDH) in polypropylene matrix of hybrid composite structures on the microstructure and mechanical performances
In this study, a polypropylene (PP) matrix was reinforced with ultra-fine graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDHs), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as hybrid reinforcements, along with polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) compatibilizers to creat...
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2024-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/matersci.2024043 |
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| author | R. Daulath Banu R. Karunanithi S. Sivasankaran B. Subramanian Abdullah A. Alhomidan |
| author_facet | R. Daulath Banu R. Karunanithi S. Sivasankaran B. Subramanian Abdullah A. Alhomidan |
| author_sort | R. Daulath Banu |
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| description | In this study, a polypropylene (PP) matrix was reinforced with ultra-fine graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDHs), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as hybrid reinforcements, along with polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) compatibilizers to create a novel thermoplastic-based hybrid composite polymer. The hybrid composite consisted of varying weight percentages of GNPs (ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 wt% in increments of 0.5), 2wt% Al-C LDH, 2wt % CaCO3, and 5wt % PP-g-MA. The bulk samples were manufactured using twin-screw extrusion followed by vertical injection molding. The developed hybrid composites were characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) for microstructural analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for compositional analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group identification. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to assess thermal stability, crystallization, and melting behavior. Mechanical tests, including tensile, compressive, and three-point bending, were conducted to evaluate mechanical properties, while a low-velocity impact test assessed impact resistance. The results showed that the hybrid composite with a PP matrix embedded with 1.5 wt% GNPs, 2 wt% Al-C LDH, and 2 wt% CaCO3 exhibited improved mechanical properties, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 45 MPa. This enhancement is attributed to the effective interconnection, bonding, and cross-linking of the reinforcements with the PP matrix, facilitating efficient load transfer, which makes it suitable for structural applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bb550254308a4aeba437a195d2aa280f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2372-0484 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | AIMS Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AIMS Materials Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-bb550254308a4aeba437a195d2aa280f2025-01-24T01:30:26ZengAIMS PressAIMS Materials Science2372-04842024-10-0111588291710.3934/matersci.2024043Influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDH) in polypropylene matrix of hybrid composite structures on the microstructure and mechanical performancesR. Daulath Banu0R. Karunanithi1S. Sivasankaran2B. Subramanian3Abdullah A. Alhomidan4Department of Polymer Engineering, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaElectroplating and Metal Finishing division, CSIR, Central Electro Chemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 600003, Tamilnadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Akron, Ohio 44325-3903, United StatesIn this study, a polypropylene (PP) matrix was reinforced with ultra-fine graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDHs), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as hybrid reinforcements, along with polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) compatibilizers to create a novel thermoplastic-based hybrid composite polymer. The hybrid composite consisted of varying weight percentages of GNPs (ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 wt% in increments of 0.5), 2wt% Al-C LDH, 2wt % CaCO3, and 5wt % PP-g-MA. The bulk samples were manufactured using twin-screw extrusion followed by vertical injection molding. The developed hybrid composites were characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) for microstructural analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for compositional analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group identification. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to assess thermal stability, crystallization, and melting behavior. Mechanical tests, including tensile, compressive, and three-point bending, were conducted to evaluate mechanical properties, while a low-velocity impact test assessed impact resistance. The results showed that the hybrid composite with a PP matrix embedded with 1.5 wt% GNPs, 2 wt% Al-C LDH, and 2 wt% CaCO3 exhibited improved mechanical properties, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 45 MPa. This enhancement is attributed to the effective interconnection, bonding, and cross-linking of the reinforcements with the PP matrix, facilitating efficient load transfer, which makes it suitable for structural applications.https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/matersci.2024043thermoplastic matrixgnps/al-c ldhhybrid compositepolypropylenemechanical and thermal properties |
| spellingShingle | R. Daulath Banu R. Karunanithi S. Sivasankaran B. Subramanian Abdullah A. Alhomidan Influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDH) in polypropylene matrix of hybrid composite structures on the microstructure and mechanical performances AIMS Materials Science thermoplastic matrix gnps/al-c ldh hybrid composite polypropylene mechanical and thermal properties |
| title | Influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDH) in polypropylene matrix of hybrid composite structures on the microstructure and mechanical performances |
| title_full | Influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDH) in polypropylene matrix of hybrid composite structures on the microstructure and mechanical performances |
| title_fullStr | Influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDH) in polypropylene matrix of hybrid composite structures on the microstructure and mechanical performances |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDH) in polypropylene matrix of hybrid composite structures on the microstructure and mechanical performances |
| title_short | Influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and aluminum-carbon layered double hydroxides (Al-C LDH) in polypropylene matrix of hybrid composite structures on the microstructure and mechanical performances |
| title_sort | influence of graphene nanoplatelets gnps and aluminum carbon layered double hydroxides al c ldh in polypropylene matrix of hybrid composite structures on the microstructure and mechanical performances |
| topic | thermoplastic matrix gnps/al-c ldh hybrid composite polypropylene mechanical and thermal properties |
| url | https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/matersci.2024043 |
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