Assessment of groundwater pollution using PIG index and microbiological indicators in the Angads plain, Morocco
Abstract This study assessed the hydrochemical quality of groundwater in the Angads plain using the pollution index of groundwater (PIG), and microbiological indicators. Two sampling campaigns were carried out in 2023 (wet and dry seasons), with 45 samples taken each year. The analyses revealed that...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99956-z |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849333563939356672 |
|---|---|
| author | Oualid Boukich Rihab Ben-tahar Elkhadir Gharibi Mohammed Bourhia Gamal A. Shazly Musaab Dauelbait Mohammed Mahjoub Bouchra El guerrouj Youssef Smiri |
| author_facet | Oualid Boukich Rihab Ben-tahar Elkhadir Gharibi Mohammed Bourhia Gamal A. Shazly Musaab Dauelbait Mohammed Mahjoub Bouchra El guerrouj Youssef Smiri |
| author_sort | Oualid Boukich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study assessed the hydrochemical quality of groundwater in the Angads plain using the pollution index of groundwater (PIG), and microbiological indicators. Two sampling campaigns were carried out in 2023 (wet and dry seasons), with 45 samples taken each year. The analyses revealed that the majority of the ions studied exceeded the limits recommended and authorized by the World Health Organization (WHO). The PIG revealed that over 80% of samples fall into the insignificant and low pollution categories, with pollution levels increasing during the dry season. Microbiological analyses revealed the presence of fecal coliforms (FC), total coliforms (TC), intestinal enterococci (IE) and sulfate-reducing clostridium (SRC) with average levels of 52, 80, 2, and 0 CFU/100 mL during the wet season, while during the dry season these values increased to 79, 120, 3, and 0 CFU/100 mL, respectively. This study offers vital information on groundwater pollution, enabling decision makers, residents, and scientists to better identify safe water sources and areas at risk. The findings highlight the urgency of implementing effective treatment solutions and devising sustainable management plans to preserve these water resources over the long term. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bb54d0a1aa37467ba9ecfea30adf5e50 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-bb54d0a1aa37467ba9ecfea30adf5e502025-08-20T03:45:48ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-99956-zAssessment of groundwater pollution using PIG index and microbiological indicators in the Angads plain, MoroccoOualid Boukich0Rihab Ben-tahar1Elkhadir Gharibi2Mohammed Bourhia3Gamal A. Shazly4Musaab Dauelbait5Mohammed Mahjoub6Bouchra El guerrouj7Youssef Smiri8Laboratory for the Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First UniversityLaboratory for the Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First UniversityApplied Chemistry and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First UniversitySwalife Biotech Ltd Unit 3D North Point House, North Point Business ParkDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityUniversity of Bahr el GhazalLaboratory for the Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First UniversityLaboratory for the Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First UniversityLaboratory for the Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First UniversityAbstract This study assessed the hydrochemical quality of groundwater in the Angads plain using the pollution index of groundwater (PIG), and microbiological indicators. Two sampling campaigns were carried out in 2023 (wet and dry seasons), with 45 samples taken each year. The analyses revealed that the majority of the ions studied exceeded the limits recommended and authorized by the World Health Organization (WHO). The PIG revealed that over 80% of samples fall into the insignificant and low pollution categories, with pollution levels increasing during the dry season. Microbiological analyses revealed the presence of fecal coliforms (FC), total coliforms (TC), intestinal enterococci (IE) and sulfate-reducing clostridium (SRC) with average levels of 52, 80, 2, and 0 CFU/100 mL during the wet season, while during the dry season these values increased to 79, 120, 3, and 0 CFU/100 mL, respectively. This study offers vital information on groundwater pollution, enabling decision makers, residents, and scientists to better identify safe water sources and areas at risk. The findings highlight the urgency of implementing effective treatment solutions and devising sustainable management plans to preserve these water resources over the long term.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99956-zGroundwaterMicrobial water qualityPIGAngads plainMorocco |
| spellingShingle | Oualid Boukich Rihab Ben-tahar Elkhadir Gharibi Mohammed Bourhia Gamal A. Shazly Musaab Dauelbait Mohammed Mahjoub Bouchra El guerrouj Youssef Smiri Assessment of groundwater pollution using PIG index and microbiological indicators in the Angads plain, Morocco Scientific Reports Groundwater Microbial water quality PIG Angads plain Morocco |
| title | Assessment of groundwater pollution using PIG index and microbiological indicators in the Angads plain, Morocco |
| title_full | Assessment of groundwater pollution using PIG index and microbiological indicators in the Angads plain, Morocco |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of groundwater pollution using PIG index and microbiological indicators in the Angads plain, Morocco |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of groundwater pollution using PIG index and microbiological indicators in the Angads plain, Morocco |
| title_short | Assessment of groundwater pollution using PIG index and microbiological indicators in the Angads plain, Morocco |
| title_sort | assessment of groundwater pollution using pig index and microbiological indicators in the angads plain morocco |
| topic | Groundwater Microbial water quality PIG Angads plain Morocco |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99956-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oualidboukich assessmentofgroundwaterpollutionusingpigindexandmicrobiologicalindicatorsintheangadsplainmorocco AT rihabbentahar assessmentofgroundwaterpollutionusingpigindexandmicrobiologicalindicatorsintheangadsplainmorocco AT elkhadirgharibi assessmentofgroundwaterpollutionusingpigindexandmicrobiologicalindicatorsintheangadsplainmorocco AT mohammedbourhia assessmentofgroundwaterpollutionusingpigindexandmicrobiologicalindicatorsintheangadsplainmorocco AT gamalashazly assessmentofgroundwaterpollutionusingpigindexandmicrobiologicalindicatorsintheangadsplainmorocco AT musaabdauelbait assessmentofgroundwaterpollutionusingpigindexandmicrobiologicalindicatorsintheangadsplainmorocco AT mohammedmahjoub assessmentofgroundwaterpollutionusingpigindexandmicrobiologicalindicatorsintheangadsplainmorocco AT bouchraelguerrouj assessmentofgroundwaterpollutionusingpigindexandmicrobiologicalindicatorsintheangadsplainmorocco AT youssefsmiri assessmentofgroundwaterpollutionusingpigindexandmicrobiologicalindicatorsintheangadsplainmorocco |