Riding Risk: Factors Shaping Helmet Use Among Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicle Riders in Fuzhou, China

With the rapid increase in the number of two-wheeled electric vehicles, the number of accidents related to them has also greatly increased. However, despite facing a huge threat from accidents, the helmet, an efficient and legally required protection for riders, is not popular with Chinese two-wheel...

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Main Authors: Wenhan Lin, Congying Li, Weibin Zheng, Linwei Wang, Yanqun Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/171
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author Wenhan Lin
Congying Li
Weibin Zheng
Linwei Wang
Yanqun Yang
author_facet Wenhan Lin
Congying Li
Weibin Zheng
Linwei Wang
Yanqun Yang
author_sort Wenhan Lin
collection DOAJ
description With the rapid increase in the number of two-wheeled electric vehicles, the number of accidents related to them has also greatly increased. However, despite facing a huge threat from accidents, the helmet, an efficient and legally required protection for riders, is not popular with Chinese two-wheeled electric vehicles riders. To study the factors affecting helmet use for these riders, this paper conducted an observational study to collect helmet use data for 16,207 two-wheeled electric vehicle riders in Fuzhou, China. With these data, this paper built a multivariate logistic regression model to study the main effects of various factors on helmet use, and analyze the interaction effects of these factors. Results showed that, on the one hand, area, weather, temperature, controller, separated non-motor-vehicle lanes, time, rider’s age, and type of vehicle had significant effects on helmet use and the interaction between these factors is significant, especially the interaction between weather, temperature and other factors. On the other hand, level of service, gender and whether the riders are food delivery workers have no significant impact on helmet use, but show significant interaction effects with other factors.
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series Systems
spelling doaj-art-bb51daeb73da4a5cb3dbcd527b0d2deb2025-08-20T02:43:03ZengMDPI AGSystems2079-89542025-03-0113317110.3390/systems13030171Riding Risk: Factors Shaping Helmet Use Among Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicle Riders in Fuzhou, ChinaWenhan Lin0Congying Li1Weibin Zheng2Linwei Wang3Yanqun Yang4College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, ChinaGuangxi Communications Design Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530022, ChinaFuzhou Fuda Automation Technology Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350028, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, ChinaWith the rapid increase in the number of two-wheeled electric vehicles, the number of accidents related to them has also greatly increased. However, despite facing a huge threat from accidents, the helmet, an efficient and legally required protection for riders, is not popular with Chinese two-wheeled electric vehicles riders. To study the factors affecting helmet use for these riders, this paper conducted an observational study to collect helmet use data for 16,207 two-wheeled electric vehicle riders in Fuzhou, China. With these data, this paper built a multivariate logistic regression model to study the main effects of various factors on helmet use, and analyze the interaction effects of these factors. Results showed that, on the one hand, area, weather, temperature, controller, separated non-motor-vehicle lanes, time, rider’s age, and type of vehicle had significant effects on helmet use and the interaction between these factors is significant, especially the interaction between weather, temperature and other factors. On the other hand, level of service, gender and whether the riders are food delivery workers have no significant impact on helmet use, but show significant interaction effects with other factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/171helmet usemultivariate logistic regression modeltwo-wheeled electric vehicles ridersobservational study
spellingShingle Wenhan Lin
Congying Li
Weibin Zheng
Linwei Wang
Yanqun Yang
Riding Risk: Factors Shaping Helmet Use Among Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicle Riders in Fuzhou, China
Systems
helmet use
multivariate logistic regression model
two-wheeled electric vehicles riders
observational study
title Riding Risk: Factors Shaping Helmet Use Among Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicle Riders in Fuzhou, China
title_full Riding Risk: Factors Shaping Helmet Use Among Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicle Riders in Fuzhou, China
title_fullStr Riding Risk: Factors Shaping Helmet Use Among Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicle Riders in Fuzhou, China
title_full_unstemmed Riding Risk: Factors Shaping Helmet Use Among Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicle Riders in Fuzhou, China
title_short Riding Risk: Factors Shaping Helmet Use Among Two-Wheeled Electric Vehicle Riders in Fuzhou, China
title_sort riding risk factors shaping helmet use among two wheeled electric vehicle riders in fuzhou china
topic helmet use
multivariate logistic regression model
two-wheeled electric vehicles riders
observational study
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/3/171
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AT weibinzheng ridingriskfactorsshapinghelmetuseamongtwowheeledelectricvehicleridersinfuzhouchina
AT linweiwang ridingriskfactorsshapinghelmetuseamongtwowheeledelectricvehicleridersinfuzhouchina
AT yanqunyang ridingriskfactorsshapinghelmetuseamongtwowheeledelectricvehicleridersinfuzhouchina