Impact of Extreme Drought on Waterbird Abundance: A Case Study Based on the Core Nature Reserve and Surrounding Wetlands

ABSTRACT Wetlands, highly biodiverse yet fragile ecosystems, play vital roles in sustaining waterbird survival and breeding. This study evaluated the impacts of extreme drought on waterbird populations in Dongting Lake and surrounding wetlands by analyzing land use, vegetation, and human disturbance...

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Main Authors: Lei Feng, Jiawei Shi, Yaqin Xiao, Lingjuan Liao, Zongze Zhou, Jialuan Xu, Youzhi Li, Yuxin Tian, Yandong Niu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71258
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author Lei Feng
Jiawei Shi
Yaqin Xiao
Lingjuan Liao
Zongze Zhou
Jialuan Xu
Youzhi Li
Yuxin Tian
Yandong Niu
author_facet Lei Feng
Jiawei Shi
Yaqin Xiao
Lingjuan Liao
Zongze Zhou
Jialuan Xu
Youzhi Li
Yuxin Tian
Yandong Niu
author_sort Lei Feng
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Wetlands, highly biodiverse yet fragile ecosystems, play vital roles in sustaining waterbird survival and breeding. This study evaluated the impacts of extreme drought on waterbird populations in Dongting Lake and surrounding wetlands by analyzing land use, vegetation, and human disturbance. From 2022 to 2024, three synchronous surveys of wintering waterbirds were conducted in Dongting Lake and its surrounding wetlands to gather habitat information. The results indicated that waterbirds tended to disperse to surrounding wetlands following extreme drought in 2023. In 2023, the waterbird population in the managed lakes was higher than that in the four protected areas of Dongting Lake, whereas in 2022 and 2024, the protected areas maintained larger waterbird populations. The redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI; characterizing the degree of drought) and the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI; characterizing the distribution of water bodies) were the most important factors influencing the distribution of all waterbird populations. Not all dietary groups of waterbirds showed a positive correlation with the MNDWI in terms of population size, but they exhibited a negative correlation with the TVDI. Meanwhile, habitat quality, food availability, and human disturbance were also important factors affecting the population size of all waterbird species. Waterbirds with different diets exhibited variations in the factors, such as food availability, foraging environment, and human disturbance, impacting their foraging behavior and habitat use. Our study suggested that, following a drought, waterbirds dispersed to surrounding wetlands outside the core nature reserve to cope with the negative impact of drought on habitat suitability. However, not all waterbirds with different diets showed dispersal, reflecting different response patterns to drought due to varying feeding habits and foraging methods. Our findings help better understand waterbirds' responses to extreme drought, which is crucial for wetland management and biodiversity conservation.
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spelling doaj-art-bb371dea26fe44b0a03f68178fd7a5ae2025-08-20T03:24:15ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-04-01154n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71258Impact of Extreme Drought on Waterbird Abundance: A Case Study Based on the Core Nature Reserve and Surrounding WetlandsLei Feng0Jiawei Shi1Yaqin Xiao2Lingjuan Liao3Zongze Zhou4Jialuan Xu5Youzhi Li6Yuxin Tian7Yandong Niu8Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha ChinaCollege of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha ChinaHunan Academy of Forestry Changsha ChinaHunan Provincial Forestry Bureau Changsha ChinaHunan Provincial Forestry Bureau Changsha ChinaHunan Academy of Forestry Changsha ChinaCollege of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha ChinaHunan Academy of Forestry Changsha ChinaHunan Academy of Forestry Changsha ChinaABSTRACT Wetlands, highly biodiverse yet fragile ecosystems, play vital roles in sustaining waterbird survival and breeding. This study evaluated the impacts of extreme drought on waterbird populations in Dongting Lake and surrounding wetlands by analyzing land use, vegetation, and human disturbance. From 2022 to 2024, three synchronous surveys of wintering waterbirds were conducted in Dongting Lake and its surrounding wetlands to gather habitat information. The results indicated that waterbirds tended to disperse to surrounding wetlands following extreme drought in 2023. In 2023, the waterbird population in the managed lakes was higher than that in the four protected areas of Dongting Lake, whereas in 2022 and 2024, the protected areas maintained larger waterbird populations. The redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI; characterizing the degree of drought) and the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI; characterizing the distribution of water bodies) were the most important factors influencing the distribution of all waterbird populations. Not all dietary groups of waterbirds showed a positive correlation with the MNDWI in terms of population size, but they exhibited a negative correlation with the TVDI. Meanwhile, habitat quality, food availability, and human disturbance were also important factors affecting the population size of all waterbird species. Waterbirds with different diets exhibited variations in the factors, such as food availability, foraging environment, and human disturbance, impacting their foraging behavior and habitat use. Our study suggested that, following a drought, waterbirds dispersed to surrounding wetlands outside the core nature reserve to cope with the negative impact of drought on habitat suitability. However, not all waterbirds with different diets showed dispersal, reflecting different response patterns to drought due to varying feeding habits and foraging methods. Our findings help better understand waterbirds' responses to extreme drought, which is crucial for wetland management and biodiversity conservation.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71258abundanceDongting Lakewaterbirdswetlands
spellingShingle Lei Feng
Jiawei Shi
Yaqin Xiao
Lingjuan Liao
Zongze Zhou
Jialuan Xu
Youzhi Li
Yuxin Tian
Yandong Niu
Impact of Extreme Drought on Waterbird Abundance: A Case Study Based on the Core Nature Reserve and Surrounding Wetlands
Ecology and Evolution
abundance
Dongting Lake
waterbirds
wetlands
title Impact of Extreme Drought on Waterbird Abundance: A Case Study Based on the Core Nature Reserve and Surrounding Wetlands
title_full Impact of Extreme Drought on Waterbird Abundance: A Case Study Based on the Core Nature Reserve and Surrounding Wetlands
title_fullStr Impact of Extreme Drought on Waterbird Abundance: A Case Study Based on the Core Nature Reserve and Surrounding Wetlands
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Extreme Drought on Waterbird Abundance: A Case Study Based on the Core Nature Reserve and Surrounding Wetlands
title_short Impact of Extreme Drought on Waterbird Abundance: A Case Study Based on the Core Nature Reserve and Surrounding Wetlands
title_sort impact of extreme drought on waterbird abundance a case study based on the core nature reserve and surrounding wetlands
topic abundance
Dongting Lake
waterbirds
wetlands
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71258
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