The association between ultra-processed foods intake and the odds of prostate cancer: a case–control study
Abstract Background Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are characterized by poor nutritional composition and the generating neo-formed carcinogens during high levels of processing. The current study aimed to investigate the association between UPFs consumption and the odds of prostate cancer (PC). Methods...
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00822-5 |
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| author | Melika Mahmoudi-zadeh Yahya Jalilpiran Zahra Maghsoudi Mehran Nouri Shiva Faghih |
| author_facet | Melika Mahmoudi-zadeh Yahya Jalilpiran Zahra Maghsoudi Mehran Nouri Shiva Faghih |
| author_sort | Melika Mahmoudi-zadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are characterized by poor nutritional composition and the generating neo-formed carcinogens during high levels of processing. The current study aimed to investigate the association between UPFs consumption and the odds of prostate cancer (PC). Methods This case–control study recruited 62 PC cases and 63 hospital-based controls from two major referral hospitals of Shiraz, Iran, in 2015. Eligible men, newly diagnosed with PC through histological confirmation, were included as cases. Along with demographic and anthropometric information data, participant’s dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The NOVA classification was employed to categorize food items based on their level of industrial processing. The association between UPFs consumption (as a percentage of daily calorie intake) and the odds of developing PC was estimated using logistic regression models. BMI, education, physical activity, age, and fiber intake were considered confounders in the adjusted model. Results The study included 60 cases and 60 controls, with mean UPFs intake of 8.3% and 6.4%, respectively. The crude analysis showed no significant association between UPFs intake and PC odds ratio (OR) (OR = 1.96, confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.94–4.05, P = 0.069). However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association became significant, with high versus low UPFs intake associated with 2.81 times higher odds of PC (OR = 2.81, CI 95%: 1.18–6.65, P = 0.019). Conclusion Our findings highlight UPFs consumption as a factor associated with higher odds of PC in the Iranian male population. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring industrial food processing practices and implementing measures to reduce UPFs consumption. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bb341b336a3e4fcb9f042fccded8eb04 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2072-1315 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-bb341b336a3e4fcb9f042fccded8eb042025-08-20T03:07:41ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-04-014411910.1186/s41043-025-00822-5The association between ultra-processed foods intake and the odds of prostate cancer: a case–control studyMelika Mahmoudi-zadeh0Yahya Jalilpiran1Zahra Maghsoudi2Mehran Nouri3Shiva Faghih4Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical SciencesIranian Social Security Organization, Isfahan Province Health AdministrationInfertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are characterized by poor nutritional composition and the generating neo-formed carcinogens during high levels of processing. The current study aimed to investigate the association between UPFs consumption and the odds of prostate cancer (PC). Methods This case–control study recruited 62 PC cases and 63 hospital-based controls from two major referral hospitals of Shiraz, Iran, in 2015. Eligible men, newly diagnosed with PC through histological confirmation, were included as cases. Along with demographic and anthropometric information data, participant’s dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The NOVA classification was employed to categorize food items based on their level of industrial processing. The association between UPFs consumption (as a percentage of daily calorie intake) and the odds of developing PC was estimated using logistic regression models. BMI, education, physical activity, age, and fiber intake were considered confounders in the adjusted model. Results The study included 60 cases and 60 controls, with mean UPFs intake of 8.3% and 6.4%, respectively. The crude analysis showed no significant association between UPFs intake and PC odds ratio (OR) (OR = 1.96, confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.94–4.05, P = 0.069). However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association became significant, with high versus low UPFs intake associated with 2.81 times higher odds of PC (OR = 2.81, CI 95%: 1.18–6.65, P = 0.019). Conclusion Our findings highlight UPFs consumption as a factor associated with higher odds of PC in the Iranian male population. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring industrial food processing practices and implementing measures to reduce UPFs consumption.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00822-5DietUltra-processed foodsProstate cancerCase–control studies |
| spellingShingle | Melika Mahmoudi-zadeh Yahya Jalilpiran Zahra Maghsoudi Mehran Nouri Shiva Faghih The association between ultra-processed foods intake and the odds of prostate cancer: a case–control study Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Diet Ultra-processed foods Prostate cancer Case–control studies |
| title | The association between ultra-processed foods intake and the odds of prostate cancer: a case–control study |
| title_full | The association between ultra-processed foods intake and the odds of prostate cancer: a case–control study |
| title_fullStr | The association between ultra-processed foods intake and the odds of prostate cancer: a case–control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The association between ultra-processed foods intake and the odds of prostate cancer: a case–control study |
| title_short | The association between ultra-processed foods intake and the odds of prostate cancer: a case–control study |
| title_sort | association between ultra processed foods intake and the odds of prostate cancer a case control study |
| topic | Diet Ultra-processed foods Prostate cancer Case–control studies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00822-5 |
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