Efficacy of Segmental Muscle Vibration on Pain Modulation in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Type-A Toxin: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Primary cervical dystonia (PCD), or spasmodic torticollis, is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary and often painful muscle contractions, leading to abnormal cervical movements and postures. While botulinum toxin injections are the first-line treatment, additional therapies, such as segment...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Riccardo Buraschi Paolo Pedersini Giacomo Redegalli Rosa Pullara Joel Pollet Marina Rossi Massimiliano Gobbo Sara Gueli Maurizio Falso |
| author_facet | Riccardo Buraschi Paolo Pedersini Giacomo Redegalli Rosa Pullara Joel Pollet Marina Rossi Massimiliano Gobbo Sara Gueli Maurizio Falso |
| author_sort | Riccardo Buraschi |
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| description | Primary cervical dystonia (PCD), or spasmodic torticollis, is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary and often painful muscle contractions, leading to abnormal cervical movements and postures. While botulinum toxin injections are the first-line treatment, additional therapies, such as segmental muscle vibration (SMV), remain underexplored. SMV, a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, may enhance motor cortex excitability and promote neuroplasticity, offering potential benefits in PCD management. This single-center triple-blinded randomized controlled trial evaluates SMV’s efficacy in reducing dystonic pain and improving quality of life in PCD patients undergoing standardized rehabilitation after botulinum toxin treatment. Participants with a pain level of ≥3 on the Numerical Rating Scale will be randomized into two groups. The experimental group will receive 80 Hz SMV during a 10-session rehabilitation program, while the control group will undergo sham SMV. Both groups will follow identical physiotherapy and occupational therapy protocols. The primary outcomes include changes in pain intensity and function, assessed at baseline, mid-treatment, and post-treatment using validated scales. The secondary outcomes will evaluate quality of life and patient satisfaction. This study hypothesizes that SMV will significantly reduce dystonic pain and enhance quality of life, supporting its integration into multidisciplinary rehabilitation for dystonic disorders. Trial registration number: NCT06748846. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bb3404e4d288459e9d9b7d8c1bf18182 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2673-4087 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bb3404e4d288459e9d9b7d8c1bf181822025-08-20T03:16:21ZengMDPI AGNeuroSci2673-40872025-04-01623010.3390/neurosci6020030Efficacy of Segmental Muscle Vibration on Pain Modulation in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Type-A Toxin: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled TrialRiccardo Buraschi0Paolo Pedersini1Giacomo Redegalli2Rosa Pullara3Joel Pollet4Marina Rossi5Massimiliano Gobbo6Sara Gueli7Maurizio Falso8IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ItalyIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ItalyPrimary cervical dystonia (PCD), or spasmodic torticollis, is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary and often painful muscle contractions, leading to abnormal cervical movements and postures. While botulinum toxin injections are the first-line treatment, additional therapies, such as segmental muscle vibration (SMV), remain underexplored. SMV, a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, may enhance motor cortex excitability and promote neuroplasticity, offering potential benefits in PCD management. This single-center triple-blinded randomized controlled trial evaluates SMV’s efficacy in reducing dystonic pain and improving quality of life in PCD patients undergoing standardized rehabilitation after botulinum toxin treatment. Participants with a pain level of ≥3 on the Numerical Rating Scale will be randomized into two groups. The experimental group will receive 80 Hz SMV during a 10-session rehabilitation program, while the control group will undergo sham SMV. Both groups will follow identical physiotherapy and occupational therapy protocols. The primary outcomes include changes in pain intensity and function, assessed at baseline, mid-treatment, and post-treatment using validated scales. The secondary outcomes will evaluate quality of life and patient satisfaction. This study hypothesizes that SMV will significantly reduce dystonic pain and enhance quality of life, supporting its integration into multidisciplinary rehabilitation for dystonic disorders. Trial registration number: NCT06748846.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4087/6/2/30cervical dystoniasegmental muscle vibrationpain managementrehabilitation |
| spellingShingle | Riccardo Buraschi Paolo Pedersini Giacomo Redegalli Rosa Pullara Joel Pollet Marina Rossi Massimiliano Gobbo Sara Gueli Maurizio Falso Efficacy of Segmental Muscle Vibration on Pain Modulation in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Type-A Toxin: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial NeuroSci cervical dystonia segmental muscle vibration pain management rehabilitation |
| title | Efficacy of Segmental Muscle Vibration on Pain Modulation in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Type-A Toxin: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full | Efficacy of Segmental Muscle Vibration on Pain Modulation in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Type-A Toxin: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of Segmental Muscle Vibration on Pain Modulation in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Type-A Toxin: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of Segmental Muscle Vibration on Pain Modulation in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Type-A Toxin: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_short | Efficacy of Segmental Muscle Vibration on Pain Modulation in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Type-A Toxin: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_sort | efficacy of segmental muscle vibration on pain modulation in patients with primary cervical dystonia treated with botulinum type a toxin a protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | cervical dystonia segmental muscle vibration pain management rehabilitation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4087/6/2/30 |
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