Comparative sustainability investigation on a novel industrial-waste-based soil stabilizer and cement based on life cycle assessment

Abstract This study employed the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts of producing a new soil hardening agent. The hardening agent is made from industrial waste residues, combined with cement, and improved with polycarboxylate superplasticizers. A comprehensi...

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Main Authors: Jiayi Luo, Feng Yu, Xin Chen, Shuaikang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04809-4
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author Jiayi Luo
Feng Yu
Xin Chen
Shuaikang Li
author_facet Jiayi Luo
Feng Yu
Xin Chen
Shuaikang Li
author_sort Jiayi Luo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study employed the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts of producing a new soil hardening agent. The hardening agent is made from industrial waste residues, combined with cement, and improved with polycarboxylate superplasticizers. A comprehensive input-output inventory of the production process was established, and the eFootprint software was employed to model and quantitatively analyze various environmental impact categories, including global warming potential (GWP), abiotic depletion potential (ADP), and human toxicity potential (HTP). The results were compared with the environmental impacts associated with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production. An economic comparison between a novel hardening agent and conventional cement—spanning the entire process from raw material procurement to final product—was conducted to evaluate the total production cost. This analysis offers a financial rationale for the substitution of cement with industrial solid waste. Results from characterization, normalization, and sensitivity analyses reveal that, in the production process assessed using 1 ton of hardening agent as the functional unit, GWP emerges as the most dominant environmental impact category. Compared to the production of OPC, the industrial waste-based novel soil hardening agent demonstrates a reduction of 69.9% in total environmental impact, with a particularly pronounced advantage in mitigating GWP. From an economic perspective, the novel hardening agent demonstrates a 29.32% reduction in production cost compared to conventional cement. Therefore, the novel soil hardening agent synthesized from industrial solid waste as a primary raw material offers substantial advantages in terms of both environmental performance and economic feasibility, making it a promising alternative to conventional cement-based materials.
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issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-bb3284f8a7bd47f88e43f4cd0ad415052025-08-20T03:25:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115112010.1038/s41598-025-04809-4Comparative sustainability investigation on a novel industrial-waste-based soil stabilizer and cement based on life cycle assessmentJiayi Luo0Feng Yu1Xin Chen2Shuaikang Li3Postgraduate student, Institute of Foundation and Structure Technologies, Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityInstitute of Foundation and Structure Technologies, Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityPostgraduate student, Institute of Foundation and Structure Technologies, Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityZhejiang Engineering Construction Management Co., LtdAbstract This study employed the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts of producing a new soil hardening agent. The hardening agent is made from industrial waste residues, combined with cement, and improved with polycarboxylate superplasticizers. A comprehensive input-output inventory of the production process was established, and the eFootprint software was employed to model and quantitatively analyze various environmental impact categories, including global warming potential (GWP), abiotic depletion potential (ADP), and human toxicity potential (HTP). The results were compared with the environmental impacts associated with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production. An economic comparison between a novel hardening agent and conventional cement—spanning the entire process from raw material procurement to final product—was conducted to evaluate the total production cost. This analysis offers a financial rationale for the substitution of cement with industrial solid waste. Results from characterization, normalization, and sensitivity analyses reveal that, in the production process assessed using 1 ton of hardening agent as the functional unit, GWP emerges as the most dominant environmental impact category. Compared to the production of OPC, the industrial waste-based novel soil hardening agent demonstrates a reduction of 69.9% in total environmental impact, with a particularly pronounced advantage in mitigating GWP. From an economic perspective, the novel hardening agent demonstrates a 29.32% reduction in production cost compared to conventional cement. Therefore, the novel soil hardening agent synthesized from industrial solid waste as a primary raw material offers substantial advantages in terms of both environmental performance and economic feasibility, making it a promising alternative to conventional cement-based materials.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04809-4Soil hardening agentLife cycle assessmentIndustrial solid wasteEconomic analysis
spellingShingle Jiayi Luo
Feng Yu
Xin Chen
Shuaikang Li
Comparative sustainability investigation on a novel industrial-waste-based soil stabilizer and cement based on life cycle assessment
Scientific Reports
Soil hardening agent
Life cycle assessment
Industrial solid waste
Economic analysis
title Comparative sustainability investigation on a novel industrial-waste-based soil stabilizer and cement based on life cycle assessment
title_full Comparative sustainability investigation on a novel industrial-waste-based soil stabilizer and cement based on life cycle assessment
title_fullStr Comparative sustainability investigation on a novel industrial-waste-based soil stabilizer and cement based on life cycle assessment
title_full_unstemmed Comparative sustainability investigation on a novel industrial-waste-based soil stabilizer and cement based on life cycle assessment
title_short Comparative sustainability investigation on a novel industrial-waste-based soil stabilizer and cement based on life cycle assessment
title_sort comparative sustainability investigation on a novel industrial waste based soil stabilizer and cement based on life cycle assessment
topic Soil hardening agent
Life cycle assessment
Industrial solid waste
Economic analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04809-4
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AT fengyu comparativesustainabilityinvestigationonanovelindustrialwastebasedsoilstabilizerandcementbasedonlifecycleassessment
AT xinchen comparativesustainabilityinvestigationonanovelindustrialwastebasedsoilstabilizerandcementbasedonlifecycleassessment
AT shuaikangli comparativesustainabilityinvestigationonanovelindustrialwastebasedsoilstabilizerandcementbasedonlifecycleassessment