Two–Stage Detection and Localization of Inter–Frame Tampering in Surveillance Videos Using Texture and Optical Flow

Surveillance cameras provide security and protection through real-time monitoring or through the investigation of recorded videos. The authenticity of surveillance videos cannot be taken for granted, but tampering detection is challenging. Existing techniques face significant limitations, including...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Naheed Akhtar, Muhammad Hussain, Zulfiqar Habib
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/22/3482
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850068403992133632
author Naheed Akhtar
Muhammad Hussain
Zulfiqar Habib
author_facet Naheed Akhtar
Muhammad Hussain
Zulfiqar Habib
author_sort Naheed Akhtar
collection DOAJ
description Surveillance cameras provide security and protection through real-time monitoring or through the investigation of recorded videos. The authenticity of surveillance videos cannot be taken for granted, but tampering detection is challenging. Existing techniques face significant limitations, including restricted applicability, poor generalizability, and high computational complexity. This paper presents a robust detection system to meet the challenges of frame duplication (FD) and frame insertion (FI) detection in surveillance videos. The system leverages the alterations in texture patterns and optical flow between consecutive frames and works in two stages; first, suspicious tampered videos are detected using motion residual–based local binary patterns (MR–LBPs) and SVM; second, by eliminating false positives, the precise tampering location is determined using the consistency in the aggregation of optical flow and the variance in MR–LBPs. The system is extensively evaluated on a large COMSATS Structured Video Tampering Evaluation Dataset (CSVTED) comprising challenging videos with varying quality of tampering and complexity levels and cross–validated on benchmark public domain datasets. The system exhibits outstanding performance, achieving 99.5% accuracy in detecting and pinpointing tampered regions. It ensures the generalization and wide applicability of the system while maintaining computational efficiency.
format Article
id doaj-art-bb2d0ed8ed7b4d7e927f9c30ab2bf841
institution DOAJ
issn 2227-7390
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Mathematics
spelling doaj-art-bb2d0ed8ed7b4d7e927f9c30ab2bf8412025-08-20T02:48:05ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902024-11-011222348210.3390/math12223482Two–Stage Detection and Localization of Inter–Frame Tampering in Surveillance Videos Using Texture and Optical FlowNaheed Akhtar0Muhammad Hussain1Zulfiqar Habib2Department of Computer Science, University of Education, Lahore 54510, PakistanDepartment of Computer Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Islamabad 45550, PakistanSurveillance cameras provide security and protection through real-time monitoring or through the investigation of recorded videos. The authenticity of surveillance videos cannot be taken for granted, but tampering detection is challenging. Existing techniques face significant limitations, including restricted applicability, poor generalizability, and high computational complexity. This paper presents a robust detection system to meet the challenges of frame duplication (FD) and frame insertion (FI) detection in surveillance videos. The system leverages the alterations in texture patterns and optical flow between consecutive frames and works in two stages; first, suspicious tampered videos are detected using motion residual–based local binary patterns (MR–LBPs) and SVM; second, by eliminating false positives, the precise tampering location is determined using the consistency in the aggregation of optical flow and the variance in MR–LBPs. The system is extensively evaluated on a large COMSATS Structured Video Tampering Evaluation Dataset (CSVTED) comprising challenging videos with varying quality of tampering and complexity levels and cross–validated on benchmark public domain datasets. The system exhibits outstanding performance, achieving 99.5% accuracy in detecting and pinpointing tampered regions. It ensures the generalization and wide applicability of the system while maintaining computational efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/22/3482inter–frame tamperingmotion residuallocal binary patternoptical flowframe duplication detectionframe insertion detection
spellingShingle Naheed Akhtar
Muhammad Hussain
Zulfiqar Habib
Two–Stage Detection and Localization of Inter–Frame Tampering in Surveillance Videos Using Texture and Optical Flow
Mathematics
inter–frame tampering
motion residual
local binary pattern
optical flow
frame duplication detection
frame insertion detection
title Two–Stage Detection and Localization of Inter–Frame Tampering in Surveillance Videos Using Texture and Optical Flow
title_full Two–Stage Detection and Localization of Inter–Frame Tampering in Surveillance Videos Using Texture and Optical Flow
title_fullStr Two–Stage Detection and Localization of Inter–Frame Tampering in Surveillance Videos Using Texture and Optical Flow
title_full_unstemmed Two–Stage Detection and Localization of Inter–Frame Tampering in Surveillance Videos Using Texture and Optical Flow
title_short Two–Stage Detection and Localization of Inter–Frame Tampering in Surveillance Videos Using Texture and Optical Flow
title_sort two stage detection and localization of inter frame tampering in surveillance videos using texture and optical flow
topic inter–frame tampering
motion residual
local binary pattern
optical flow
frame duplication detection
frame insertion detection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/22/3482
work_keys_str_mv AT naheedakhtar twostagedetectionandlocalizationofinterframetamperinginsurveillancevideosusingtextureandopticalflow
AT muhammadhussain twostagedetectionandlocalizationofinterframetamperinginsurveillancevideosusingtextureandopticalflow
AT zulfiqarhabib twostagedetectionandlocalizationofinterframetamperinginsurveillancevideosusingtextureandopticalflow