Pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of Mindo, Ecuador: a comparative analysis of the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers
Abstract Objective This study aims to evaluate the microbial load in the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers in Mindo (Ecuador) by quantifying bacteriological indicators (Escherichia coli and total coliforms) and identifying pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., Giardia, Cryptosporidium spp., Helicobact...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | BMC Research Notes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07205-3 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849726212966973440 |
|---|---|
| author | Milena Naomi Martínez-Játiva Pamela Borja-Serrano Hugo Valdebenito António Machado |
| author_facet | Milena Naomi Martínez-Játiva Pamela Borja-Serrano Hugo Valdebenito António Machado |
| author_sort | Milena Naomi Martínez-Játiva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective This study aims to evaluate the microbial load in the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers in Mindo (Ecuador) by quantifying bacteriological indicators (Escherichia coli and total coliforms) and identifying pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., Giardia, Cryptosporidium spp., Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium leprae) using molecular techniques. This assessment aims to establish the potential risk associated with the consumption and recreational use of these water sources. Results A total of 36 surface water samples were analyzed in this study, with 12 samples collected per river (Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí). Sampling was conducted in duplicate at two collection points per river (before and after the community) across three seasons (dry, rainy, and transitional), resulting in 4 samples per river per season. All samples showed consistently high microbial levels exceeding international guidelines at most collection points across the three rivers. The Canchupí River exhibited the highest E. coli and total coliform counts during the dry season, with values of 1.50 × 107 and 1.79 × 107 CFU/100 mL, respectively. The Saguambi River showed the highest E. coli levels in the transitional season (9.42 × 104 CFU/100 mL). The Mindo River peaked in E. coli (7.15 × 105 CFU/100 mL) and total coliforms (5.85 × 105 CFU/100 mL) after the community. Molecular analysis identified M. tuberculosis in all rivers year-round. M. leprae was found in the Saguambi and Mindo Rivers, and H. pylori was identified in both Mindo and Canchupí Rivers. Giardia and Cryptosporidium parasites’ detection varied among rivers and seasons. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bb271a46cde2483c8768d1734becf676 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1756-0500 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Research Notes |
| spelling | doaj-art-bb271a46cde2483c8768d1734becf6762025-08-20T03:10:14ZengBMCBMC Research Notes1756-05002025-04-011811810.1186/s13104-025-07205-3Pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of Mindo, Ecuador: a comparative analysis of the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí RiversMilena Naomi Martínez-Játiva0Pamela Borja-Serrano1Hugo Valdebenito2António Machado3Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de BacteriologíaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de BacteriologíaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Herbarium of Economic Botany of EcuadorUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de BacteriologíaAbstract Objective This study aims to evaluate the microbial load in the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers in Mindo (Ecuador) by quantifying bacteriological indicators (Escherichia coli and total coliforms) and identifying pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., Giardia, Cryptosporidium spp., Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium leprae) using molecular techniques. This assessment aims to establish the potential risk associated with the consumption and recreational use of these water sources. Results A total of 36 surface water samples were analyzed in this study, with 12 samples collected per river (Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí). Sampling was conducted in duplicate at two collection points per river (before and after the community) across three seasons (dry, rainy, and transitional), resulting in 4 samples per river per season. All samples showed consistently high microbial levels exceeding international guidelines at most collection points across the three rivers. The Canchupí River exhibited the highest E. coli and total coliform counts during the dry season, with values of 1.50 × 107 and 1.79 × 107 CFU/100 mL, respectively. The Saguambi River showed the highest E. coli levels in the transitional season (9.42 × 104 CFU/100 mL). The Mindo River peaked in E. coli (7.15 × 105 CFU/100 mL) and total coliforms (5.85 × 105 CFU/100 mL) after the community. Molecular analysis identified M. tuberculosis in all rivers year-round. M. leprae was found in the Saguambi and Mindo Rivers, and H. pylori was identified in both Mindo and Canchupí Rivers. Giardia and Cryptosporidium parasites’ detection varied among rivers and seasons.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07205-3Microbial contaminationWater qualityPublic Health riskPathogensOne Health approachSustainable tourism |
| spellingShingle | Milena Naomi Martínez-Játiva Pamela Borja-Serrano Hugo Valdebenito António Machado Pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of Mindo, Ecuador: a comparative analysis of the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers BMC Research Notes Microbial contamination Water quality Public Health risk Pathogens One Health approach Sustainable tourism |
| title | Pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of Mindo, Ecuador: a comparative analysis of the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers |
| title_full | Pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of Mindo, Ecuador: a comparative analysis of the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers |
| title_fullStr | Pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of Mindo, Ecuador: a comparative analysis of the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of Mindo, Ecuador: a comparative analysis of the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers |
| title_short | Pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of Mindo, Ecuador: a comparative analysis of the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers |
| title_sort | pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of mindo ecuador a comparative analysis of the saguambi mindo and canchupi rivers |
| topic | Microbial contamination Water quality Public Health risk Pathogens One Health approach Sustainable tourism |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-025-07205-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT milenanaomimartinezjativa pilotstudyonseasonalvariabilityinmicrobialcontaminationinthedevelopingtouristregionofmindoecuadoracomparativeanalysisofthesaguambimindoandcanchupirivers AT pamelaborjaserrano pilotstudyonseasonalvariabilityinmicrobialcontaminationinthedevelopingtouristregionofmindoecuadoracomparativeanalysisofthesaguambimindoandcanchupirivers AT hugovaldebenito pilotstudyonseasonalvariabilityinmicrobialcontaminationinthedevelopingtouristregionofmindoecuadoracomparativeanalysisofthesaguambimindoandcanchupirivers AT antoniomachado pilotstudyonseasonalvariabilityinmicrobialcontaminationinthedevelopingtouristregionofmindoecuadoracomparativeanalysisofthesaguambimindoandcanchupirivers |