Considering the fragility index in reporting trials on diverticular disease

The changing management paradigm of acute complicated diverticulitis and the elective indications for surgery have evolved in the last decade based on reported evidence-based data. Recently, it has been demonstrated that randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the highest trial format in the hierarchy...

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Main Authors: Andrew P. Zbar, Nir Horesh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Open Exploration Publishing Inc. 2025-06-01
Series:Exploration of Digestive Diseases
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Online Access:https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100578/100578.pdf
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author Andrew P. Zbar
Nir Horesh
author_facet Andrew P. Zbar
Nir Horesh
author_sort Andrew P. Zbar
collection DOAJ
description The changing management paradigm of acute complicated diverticulitis and the elective indications for surgery have evolved in the last decade based on reported evidence-based data. Recently, it has been demonstrated that randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the highest trial format in the hierarchy of evidence-based reporting, suffer from a ‘crisis of replicability’. The development of a fragility index (FI) quantitatively defines the robustness of an RCT by shifting the number of participants in a trial into a different binary group in an effort to influence reported statistical significance (the lower the FI the greater the study fragility). The only available report on FI in diverticular management showed that in an eclectic range of RCT’s comparing intervention and non-intervention, two-thirds of the studies had an FI ≤ 1 where statistical recalculation using Fisher’s Exact test rendered one-quarter of previously positive studies non-significant. Comparisons between studies and units are still dependent upon sample sizes and the numbers lost to follow-up even when some of the FI progeny (including a reverse FI, a fragility quotient dividing the FI by the sample size, or other incidence or generalized FI metrics) are utilized in assessment. Future analyses need to define all comparisons rather than cherry-picking examples where a p value approaches significance. Despite the fact that no FI value defines the strength of a RCT, its use attempts to link the reported p value with the sample size and the statistical power of the study. Positive findings in diverticular trials are then considered not so much definitive as rather provocateurs encouraging further similarly designed studies in different environments. Minimizing patient loss in treatment arms and reporting the reasons for drop-out, strictly adhering to randomization, consistent blinding, and group allocation concealment can all improve the logistical running of an RCT initially designed to evaluate some potentially important new treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-bb23d817afb74c27bc6cece3c312f8bf2025-08-20T03:29:47ZengOpen Exploration Publishing Inc.Exploration of Digestive Diseases2833-63212025-06-01410057810.37349/edd.2025.100578Considering the fragility index in reporting trials on diverticular diseaseAndrew P. Zbar0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-4648Nir Horesh1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2459-8567Department of Neuroscience and Anatomy, Parkville Campus, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5224213, IsraelThe changing management paradigm of acute complicated diverticulitis and the elective indications for surgery have evolved in the last decade based on reported evidence-based data. Recently, it has been demonstrated that randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the highest trial format in the hierarchy of evidence-based reporting, suffer from a ‘crisis of replicability’. The development of a fragility index (FI) quantitatively defines the robustness of an RCT by shifting the number of participants in a trial into a different binary group in an effort to influence reported statistical significance (the lower the FI the greater the study fragility). The only available report on FI in diverticular management showed that in an eclectic range of RCT’s comparing intervention and non-intervention, two-thirds of the studies had an FI ≤ 1 where statistical recalculation using Fisher’s Exact test rendered one-quarter of previously positive studies non-significant. Comparisons between studies and units are still dependent upon sample sizes and the numbers lost to follow-up even when some of the FI progeny (including a reverse FI, a fragility quotient dividing the FI by the sample size, or other incidence or generalized FI metrics) are utilized in assessment. Future analyses need to define all comparisons rather than cherry-picking examples where a p value approaches significance. Despite the fact that no FI value defines the strength of a RCT, its use attempts to link the reported p value with the sample size and the statistical power of the study. Positive findings in diverticular trials are then considered not so much definitive as rather provocateurs encouraging further similarly designed studies in different environments. Minimizing patient loss in treatment arms and reporting the reasons for drop-out, strictly adhering to randomization, consistent blinding, and group allocation concealment can all improve the logistical running of an RCT initially designed to evaluate some potentially important new treatment.https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100578/100578.pdffragility indexp valuestatistical significancediverticular diseaserandomized controlled trials
spellingShingle Andrew P. Zbar
Nir Horesh
Considering the fragility index in reporting trials on diverticular disease
Exploration of Digestive Diseases
fragility index
p value
statistical significance
diverticular disease
randomized controlled trials
title Considering the fragility index in reporting trials on diverticular disease
title_full Considering the fragility index in reporting trials on diverticular disease
title_fullStr Considering the fragility index in reporting trials on diverticular disease
title_full_unstemmed Considering the fragility index in reporting trials on diverticular disease
title_short Considering the fragility index in reporting trials on diverticular disease
title_sort considering the fragility index in reporting trials on diverticular disease
topic fragility index
p value
statistical significance
diverticular disease
randomized controlled trials
url https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A100578/100578.pdf
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