Short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment triggers intestinal inflammation via AQP3
BackgroundWith the increasing greenhouse effect, there is growing concern about the correlation between the humid environment and the incidence of various diseases. A high-humidity environment may cause intestinal inflammation through bacterial colonization or contamination of water. Aquaporin-3 (AQ...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563602/full |
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| author | Jian Song Jian Song Jian Song Xinhua Huang Xinhua Huang Xinhua Huang Yi Luo Yi Luo Yi Luo Mengjun Li Mengjun Li Mengjun Li Yulin Ouyang Wanli Liu Wanli Liu Wanli Liu Hudan Pan Huanhuan Luo Huanhuan Luo Huanhuan Luo |
| author_facet | Jian Song Jian Song Jian Song Xinhua Huang Xinhua Huang Xinhua Huang Yi Luo Yi Luo Yi Luo Mengjun Li Mengjun Li Mengjun Li Yulin Ouyang Wanli Liu Wanli Liu Wanli Liu Hudan Pan Huanhuan Luo Huanhuan Luo Huanhuan Luo |
| author_sort | Jian Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundWith the increasing greenhouse effect, there is growing concern about the correlation between the humid environment and the incidence of various diseases. A high-humidity environment may cause intestinal inflammation through bacterial colonization or contamination of water. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays an important role in maintaining intestinal water transport, permeability, fluid secretion, and absorption homeostasis. This paper explored the effects of short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment on intestinal health.MethodsTo explore the effects of a high-humidity environment on the intestine, we kept wild-type mice and Aqp3 knockout (Aqp3-/-) mice in an artificial climatic box with 90(± 5) % humidity setting for a fortnight and recorded their body weights, food intake, water intake, and fur changes during the experiment. On the fourteenth day, colon tissues were collected to detect the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), water evaporator proteins (AQPs), and intestinal pathological changes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting analysis, and histopathological analysis.ResultsThe results showed that mice with short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment showed a significant increase in the expression of AQP3 and a significant decrease in the expression of AQP4 in the colon, and the TLR4/NF-κb/IL-6 pathway was activated. In Aqp3-/- mice, their colonic GSH expression was increased, MDA expression was decreased, and intestinal TLR4/NF-κb/IL-6 expressions were also decreased.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the high-humidity environment induces an intestinal inflammatory response through AQP3, providing persuasive evidence for the pathogenesis of environmentally related diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bb14f587ba3e49ca83f8ba92ccd5f09c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-bb14f587ba3e49ca83f8ba92ccd5f09c2025-08-20T03:31:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-06-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15636021563602Short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment triggers intestinal inflammation via AQP3Jian Song0Jian Song1Jian Song2Xinhua Huang3Xinhua Huang4Xinhua Huang5Yi Luo6Yi Luo7Yi Luo8Mengjun Li9Mengjun Li10Mengjun Li11Yulin Ouyang12Wanli Liu13Wanli Liu14Wanli Liu15Hudan Pan16Huanhuan Luo17Huanhuan Luo18Huanhuan Luo19State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaChinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaChinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaChinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaChinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaChinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaChinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Zhuhai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, ChinaBackgroundWith the increasing greenhouse effect, there is growing concern about the correlation between the humid environment and the incidence of various diseases. A high-humidity environment may cause intestinal inflammation through bacterial colonization or contamination of water. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays an important role in maintaining intestinal water transport, permeability, fluid secretion, and absorption homeostasis. This paper explored the effects of short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment on intestinal health.MethodsTo explore the effects of a high-humidity environment on the intestine, we kept wild-type mice and Aqp3 knockout (Aqp3-/-) mice in an artificial climatic box with 90(± 5) % humidity setting for a fortnight and recorded their body weights, food intake, water intake, and fur changes during the experiment. On the fourteenth day, colon tissues were collected to detect the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), water evaporator proteins (AQPs), and intestinal pathological changes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting analysis, and histopathological analysis.ResultsThe results showed that mice with short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment showed a significant increase in the expression of AQP3 and a significant decrease in the expression of AQP4 in the colon, and the TLR4/NF-κb/IL-6 pathway was activated. In Aqp3-/- mice, their colonic GSH expression was increased, MDA expression was decreased, and intestinal TLR4/NF-κb/IL-6 expressions were also decreased.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the high-humidity environment induces an intestinal inflammatory response through AQP3, providing persuasive evidence for the pathogenesis of environmentally related diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563602/fullAQP3high-humidity environmentintestineinflammationPPAR-γ |
| spellingShingle | Jian Song Jian Song Jian Song Xinhua Huang Xinhua Huang Xinhua Huang Yi Luo Yi Luo Yi Luo Mengjun Li Mengjun Li Mengjun Li Yulin Ouyang Wanli Liu Wanli Liu Wanli Liu Hudan Pan Huanhuan Luo Huanhuan Luo Huanhuan Luo Short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment triggers intestinal inflammation via AQP3 Frontiers in Immunology AQP3 high-humidity environment intestine inflammation PPAR-γ |
| title | Short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment triggers intestinal inflammation via AQP3 |
| title_full | Short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment triggers intestinal inflammation via AQP3 |
| title_fullStr | Short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment triggers intestinal inflammation via AQP3 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment triggers intestinal inflammation via AQP3 |
| title_short | Short-term exposure to a high-humidity environment triggers intestinal inflammation via AQP3 |
| title_sort | short term exposure to a high humidity environment triggers intestinal inflammation via aqp3 |
| topic | AQP3 high-humidity environment intestine inflammation PPAR-γ |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563602/full |
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