A shift in circadian stem increment patterns in a Pyrenean alpine treeline precedes spring growth after snow melting

<p>Changing snow regimes and warmer growing seasons are some climate factors influencing the productivity and growth of high-elevation forests and alpine treelines. In low-latitude mountain regions with seasonal snow and drought regimes such as the Pyrenees, these climate factors could negativ...

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Main Authors: H. Flynn, J. J. Camarero, A. Sanmiguel-Vallelado, F. Rojas Heredia, P. Domínguez Aguilar, J. Revuelto, J. I. López-Moreno
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2025-02-01
Series:Biogeosciences
Online Access:https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/1135/2025/bg-22-1135-2025.pdf
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author H. Flynn
H. Flynn
J. J. Camarero
A. Sanmiguel-Vallelado
F. Rojas Heredia
P. Domínguez Aguilar
J. Revuelto
J. I. López-Moreno
author_facet H. Flynn
H. Flynn
J. J. Camarero
A. Sanmiguel-Vallelado
F. Rojas Heredia
P. Domínguez Aguilar
J. Revuelto
J. I. López-Moreno
author_sort H. Flynn
collection DOAJ
description <p>Changing snow regimes and warmer growing seasons are some climate factors influencing the productivity and growth of high-elevation forests and alpine treelines. In low-latitude mountain regions with seasonal snow and drought regimes such as the Pyrenees, these climate factors could negatively impact forest productivity. To address this issue, we assessed the relationships between climate, snow, and inter- and intra-annual radial growth and stem increment data in an alpine <i>Pinus uncinata</i> treeline ecotone located in the central Spanish Pyrenees. First, we developed tree-ring-width chronologies of the study site to quantify climate–growth relationships. Second, radial growth, tree water deficit, and shrinking–swelling cycles were quantified and identified at monthly to daily scales using fine-resolution dendrometer data. These variables were extracted for three climatically different years, including one of the hottest summers on record in Spain (2022), and they were related to soil water content, soil and air temperature, and the dates of snow duration across the treeline ecotone. Warmer February and May temperatures enhanced tree radial growth, probably because of an earlier snow meltout, the start of the growing season, and the higher growth rates in spring, respectively. The characteristic circadian cycle of stem increment, defined by night swelling and day shrinking, was detected in summer and fall. However, this pattern was inverted during the snow season from November through April, suggesting a transition phase characterized by wet soils and swollen stems preceding the spring onset of growth. Air temperature, soil temperature and moisture, and the presence of snow are strong indicators of how much and for how long mountain trees can grow. Shifts in daily stem increment patterns reveal changes in early growth phenology linked to snow melting.</p>
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issn 1726-4170
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publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher Copernicus Publications
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spelling doaj-art-bb079f79ef374f4cb67452b25841884d2025-08-20T03:04:44ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892025-02-01221135114710.5194/bg-22-1135-2025A shift in circadian stem increment patterns in a Pyrenean alpine treeline precedes spring growth after snow meltingH. Flynn0H. Flynn1J. J. Camarero2A. Sanmiguel-Vallelado3F. Rojas Heredia4P. Domínguez Aguilar5J. Revuelto6J. I. López-Moreno7Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USACryoPyr, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50059, SpainCryoPyr, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50059, SpainiuFOR, EiFAB, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, Soria, 42004, SpainCryoPyr, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50059, SpainCryoPyr, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50059, SpainCryoPyr, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50059, SpainCryoPyr, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50059, Spain<p>Changing snow regimes and warmer growing seasons are some climate factors influencing the productivity and growth of high-elevation forests and alpine treelines. In low-latitude mountain regions with seasonal snow and drought regimes such as the Pyrenees, these climate factors could negatively impact forest productivity. To address this issue, we assessed the relationships between climate, snow, and inter- and intra-annual radial growth and stem increment data in an alpine <i>Pinus uncinata</i> treeline ecotone located in the central Spanish Pyrenees. First, we developed tree-ring-width chronologies of the study site to quantify climate–growth relationships. Second, radial growth, tree water deficit, and shrinking–swelling cycles were quantified and identified at monthly to daily scales using fine-resolution dendrometer data. These variables were extracted for three climatically different years, including one of the hottest summers on record in Spain (2022), and they were related to soil water content, soil and air temperature, and the dates of snow duration across the treeline ecotone. Warmer February and May temperatures enhanced tree radial growth, probably because of an earlier snow meltout, the start of the growing season, and the higher growth rates in spring, respectively. The characteristic circadian cycle of stem increment, defined by night swelling and day shrinking, was detected in summer and fall. However, this pattern was inverted during the snow season from November through April, suggesting a transition phase characterized by wet soils and swollen stems preceding the spring onset of growth. Air temperature, soil temperature and moisture, and the presence of snow are strong indicators of how much and for how long mountain trees can grow. Shifts in daily stem increment patterns reveal changes in early growth phenology linked to snow melting.</p>https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/1135/2025/bg-22-1135-2025.pdf
spellingShingle H. Flynn
H. Flynn
J. J. Camarero
A. Sanmiguel-Vallelado
F. Rojas Heredia
P. Domínguez Aguilar
J. Revuelto
J. I. López-Moreno
A shift in circadian stem increment patterns in a Pyrenean alpine treeline precedes spring growth after snow melting
Biogeosciences
title A shift in circadian stem increment patterns in a Pyrenean alpine treeline precedes spring growth after snow melting
title_full A shift in circadian stem increment patterns in a Pyrenean alpine treeline precedes spring growth after snow melting
title_fullStr A shift in circadian stem increment patterns in a Pyrenean alpine treeline precedes spring growth after snow melting
title_full_unstemmed A shift in circadian stem increment patterns in a Pyrenean alpine treeline precedes spring growth after snow melting
title_short A shift in circadian stem increment patterns in a Pyrenean alpine treeline precedes spring growth after snow melting
title_sort shift in circadian stem increment patterns in a pyrenean alpine treeline precedes spring growth after snow melting
url https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/1135/2025/bg-22-1135-2025.pdf
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