Elucidating simulated equivalence responding through dynamic visualization of structural connectivity and relational density

This article presents Affinity, a visual analytics tool that enhances the simulation of the emergence of derived relations between stimuli in humans. Built on the foundations of a reinforcement learning model called Enhanced Equivalence Projective Simulation, Affinity provides both real-time visuali...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: James O'Sullivan, Freddy Jackson Brown, Oliver Ray
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1618678/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849339735992958976
author James O'Sullivan
Freddy Jackson Brown
Oliver Ray
author_facet James O'Sullivan
Freddy Jackson Brown
Oliver Ray
author_sort James O'Sullivan
collection DOAJ
description This article presents Affinity, a visual analytics tool that enhances the simulation of the emergence of derived relations between stimuli in humans. Built on the foundations of a reinforcement learning model called Enhanced Equivalence Projective Simulation, Affinity provides both real-time visualizations of the agent's relational memory and enables the simulation of Relational Density Theory, a novel approach to understanding relational responding through the modeling of higher-order properties of density, volume, and mass. We demonstrate these features in a simulation of a recent study into the quantification of relational volume. We also use this as an opportunity to examine the effect of the underlying model's consolidation mechanism, Network Enhancement, on the agent's relational network. Our results highlight Affinity's innovation as an explainable modeling interface for relational formation and a testbed for new experiments. We discuss the limitations of Affinity in its current state, underline future work on the software and computational modeling of Stimulus Equivalence and locate this contribution in the broader scope of integrations of Contextual Behavioral Science and Artificial Intelligence.
format Article
id doaj-art-bafdafa93fef41db83f9a31eefa6a771
institution Kabale University
issn 2624-8212
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
spelling doaj-art-bafdafa93fef41db83f9a31eefa6a7712025-08-20T03:44:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence2624-82122025-08-01810.3389/frai.2025.16186781618678Elucidating simulated equivalence responding through dynamic visualization of structural connectivity and relational densityJames O'Sullivan0Freddy Jackson Brown1Oliver Ray2Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United KingdomCentre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, University of Warwick, Coventry, United KingdomDepartment of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United KingdomThis article presents Affinity, a visual analytics tool that enhances the simulation of the emergence of derived relations between stimuli in humans. Built on the foundations of a reinforcement learning model called Enhanced Equivalence Projective Simulation, Affinity provides both real-time visualizations of the agent's relational memory and enables the simulation of Relational Density Theory, a novel approach to understanding relational responding through the modeling of higher-order properties of density, volume, and mass. We demonstrate these features in a simulation of a recent study into the quantification of relational volume. We also use this as an opportunity to examine the effect of the underlying model's consolidation mechanism, Network Enhancement, on the agent's relational network. Our results highlight Affinity's innovation as an explainable modeling interface for relational formation and a testbed for new experiments. We discuss the limitations of Affinity in its current state, underline future work on the software and computational modeling of Stimulus Equivalence and locate this contribution in the broader scope of integrations of Contextual Behavioral Science and Artificial Intelligence.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1618678/fullStimulus Equivalencecomputational modelingexplainable AIreinforcement learningrelational density theoryrelational frame theory
spellingShingle James O'Sullivan
Freddy Jackson Brown
Oliver Ray
Elucidating simulated equivalence responding through dynamic visualization of structural connectivity and relational density
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
Stimulus Equivalence
computational modeling
explainable AI
reinforcement learning
relational density theory
relational frame theory
title Elucidating simulated equivalence responding through dynamic visualization of structural connectivity and relational density
title_full Elucidating simulated equivalence responding through dynamic visualization of structural connectivity and relational density
title_fullStr Elucidating simulated equivalence responding through dynamic visualization of structural connectivity and relational density
title_full_unstemmed Elucidating simulated equivalence responding through dynamic visualization of structural connectivity and relational density
title_short Elucidating simulated equivalence responding through dynamic visualization of structural connectivity and relational density
title_sort elucidating simulated equivalence responding through dynamic visualization of structural connectivity and relational density
topic Stimulus Equivalence
computational modeling
explainable AI
reinforcement learning
relational density theory
relational frame theory
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2025.1618678/full
work_keys_str_mv AT jamesosullivan elucidatingsimulatedequivalencerespondingthroughdynamicvisualizationofstructuralconnectivityandrelationaldensity
AT freddyjacksonbrown elucidatingsimulatedequivalencerespondingthroughdynamicvisualizationofstructuralconnectivityandrelationaldensity
AT oliverray elucidatingsimulatedequivalencerespondingthroughdynamicvisualizationofstructuralconnectivityandrelationaldensity