Identification of new families and variants in autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated with THRB

Abstract THRB encodes thyroid hormone receptor β which produces two human isoforms (TRβ1 and TRβ2) by alternative splicing. The first THRB variant associated with autosomal dominant macular dystrophy (ADMD), NM_001354712.2:c.283 + 1G > A, was recently described. This study aims to refine the opht...

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Main Authors: Lidia Fernández-Caballero, Fiona Blanco-Kelly, Saoud Tahsin Swafiri, María Inmaculada Martín-Mérida, Mathieu Quinodoz, Mukhtar Ullah, Ester Carreño, María Pilar Martin-Gutierrez, Blanca García-Sandoval, Pablo Minguez, Carlo Rivolta, Marta Corton, Carmen Ayuso
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97768-9
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author Lidia Fernández-Caballero
Fiona Blanco-Kelly
Saoud Tahsin Swafiri
María Inmaculada Martín-Mérida
Mathieu Quinodoz
Mukhtar Ullah
Ester Carreño
María Pilar Martin-Gutierrez
Blanca García-Sandoval
Pablo Minguez
Carlo Rivolta
Marta Corton
Carmen Ayuso
author_facet Lidia Fernández-Caballero
Fiona Blanco-Kelly
Saoud Tahsin Swafiri
María Inmaculada Martín-Mérida
Mathieu Quinodoz
Mukhtar Ullah
Ester Carreño
María Pilar Martin-Gutierrez
Blanca García-Sandoval
Pablo Minguez
Carlo Rivolta
Marta Corton
Carmen Ayuso
author_sort Lidia Fernández-Caballero
collection DOAJ
description Abstract THRB encodes thyroid hormone receptor β which produces two human isoforms (TRβ1 and TRβ2) by alternative splicing. The first THRB variant associated with autosomal dominant macular dystrophy (ADMD), NM_001354712.2:c.283 + 1G > A, was recently described. This study aims to refine the ophthalmologic phenotype, report a novel THRB variant, and investigate the impact of these splicing variants at the protein level. THRB variants were identified by re-analysis of next-generation sequencing data from the FJD database. Family segregation was performed using Sanger sequencing. Clinical data were collected from self-reported ophthalmic history questionnaires and ophthalmic exams. Functional splicing test was performed by in vitro minigene approach. We identified 12 patients with ADMD from 3 families carrying variants in THRB. Two families carried the variant NM_001354712.2:c.283 + 1G > A, and one the novel variant NM_001354712.2:c.283G > A. Patients exhibited common ophthalmologic findings with disruption of subfoveal ellipsoid layers, and variable onset of symptoms. Splicing assays showed complete exon 5 skipping or a 6 bp deletion in both variants. Our results support the association of THRB with ADMD. The high intra-familial variability could be influenced by phenotype modifiers. Aberrant TRβ1/TRβ2 proteins could lead to a gain-of-function mechanism. Including THRB in inherited retinal dystrophy genetic panels could enhance diagnoses and clinical patient management.
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spelling doaj-art-baef4c437bc7491391829cc945f6ba392025-08-20T03:52:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-97768-9Identification of new families and variants in autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated with THRBLidia Fernández-Caballero0Fiona Blanco-Kelly1Saoud Tahsin Swafiri2María Inmaculada Martín-Mérida3Mathieu Quinodoz4Mukhtar Ullah5Ester Carreño6María Pilar Martin-Gutierrez7Blanca García-Sandoval8Pablo Minguez9Carlo Rivolta10Marta Corton11Carmen Ayuso12Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB)Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB)Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University HospitalDepartment of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB)Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM)Abstract THRB encodes thyroid hormone receptor β which produces two human isoforms (TRβ1 and TRβ2) by alternative splicing. The first THRB variant associated with autosomal dominant macular dystrophy (ADMD), NM_001354712.2:c.283 + 1G > A, was recently described. This study aims to refine the ophthalmologic phenotype, report a novel THRB variant, and investigate the impact of these splicing variants at the protein level. THRB variants were identified by re-analysis of next-generation sequencing data from the FJD database. Family segregation was performed using Sanger sequencing. Clinical data were collected from self-reported ophthalmic history questionnaires and ophthalmic exams. Functional splicing test was performed by in vitro minigene approach. We identified 12 patients with ADMD from 3 families carrying variants in THRB. Two families carried the variant NM_001354712.2:c.283 + 1G > A, and one the novel variant NM_001354712.2:c.283G > A. Patients exhibited common ophthalmologic findings with disruption of subfoveal ellipsoid layers, and variable onset of symptoms. Splicing assays showed complete exon 5 skipping or a 6 bp deletion in both variants. Our results support the association of THRB with ADMD. The high intra-familial variability could be influenced by phenotype modifiers. Aberrant TRβ1/TRβ2 proteins could lead to a gain-of-function mechanism. Including THRB in inherited retinal dystrophy genetic panels could enhance diagnoses and clinical patient management.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97768-9
spellingShingle Lidia Fernández-Caballero
Fiona Blanco-Kelly
Saoud Tahsin Swafiri
María Inmaculada Martín-Mérida
Mathieu Quinodoz
Mukhtar Ullah
Ester Carreño
María Pilar Martin-Gutierrez
Blanca García-Sandoval
Pablo Minguez
Carlo Rivolta
Marta Corton
Carmen Ayuso
Identification of new families and variants in autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated with THRB
Scientific Reports
title Identification of new families and variants in autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated with THRB
title_full Identification of new families and variants in autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated with THRB
title_fullStr Identification of new families and variants in autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated with THRB
title_full_unstemmed Identification of new families and variants in autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated with THRB
title_short Identification of new families and variants in autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated with THRB
title_sort identification of new families and variants in autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated with thrb
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97768-9
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