Cryo-EM structure of the AAA+ SPATA5 complex and its role in human cytoplasmic pre-60S maturation

Abstract Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis is an energy-consuming process involving many ATPase-driven steps. In yeast, AAA+ protein Drg1 releases an assembly factor Rlp24, a placeholder for Rpl24, from pre-60S particles just exported to cytosol. The equivalent process in human cells involves SPATA5 (D...

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Main Authors: Yuhao Dai, Damu Wu, Ningning Li, Chengying Ma, Yunyang Zhang, Ning Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58894-0
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author Yuhao Dai
Damu Wu
Ningning Li
Chengying Ma
Yunyang Zhang
Ning Gao
author_facet Yuhao Dai
Damu Wu
Ningning Li
Chengying Ma
Yunyang Zhang
Ning Gao
author_sort Yuhao Dai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis is an energy-consuming process involving many ATPase-driven steps. In yeast, AAA+ protein Drg1 releases an assembly factor Rlp24, a placeholder for Rpl24, from pre-60S particles just exported to cytosol. The equivalent process in human cells involves SPATA5 (Drg1 homolog) and additional factors. However, the mechanistic details remain unclear. Here we reveal that SPATA5 forms a 4:2:2:2 complex with SPATA5L1, C1orf109, and CINP. This complex features an N-terminal ring made of C1orf109, CINP and NTDs of SPATA5/SPATA5L1, and two hexameric AAA+ ATPase rings. Intriguingly, a conserved cysteine C672 in the P-loop of SPATA5 is sulfinylated, generating an inactive conformation incompatible with ATP binding. We also obtained a cryo-EM structure of pre-60S-bound SPATA5 complex. Different from yeast, the recognition of the pre-60S particle is mediated by human-specific factor CINP, through two distinct sets of interactions: one with GTPBP4 and the other with ES27A. Taken together, these data provide structural basis for understanding the cytoplasmic maturation of the pre-60S, and reveal human-specific features that might be harnessed for therapeutic purposes.
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spelling doaj-art-baeaa9e49c11486db63512e91dbbe1932025-08-20T02:30:18ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-0116111410.1038/s41467-025-58894-0Cryo-EM structure of the AAA+ SPATA5 complex and its role in human cytoplasmic pre-60S maturationYuhao Dai0Damu Wu1Ningning Li2Chengying Ma3Yunyang Zhang4Ning Gao5State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityAbstract Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis is an energy-consuming process involving many ATPase-driven steps. In yeast, AAA+ protein Drg1 releases an assembly factor Rlp24, a placeholder for Rpl24, from pre-60S particles just exported to cytosol. The equivalent process in human cells involves SPATA5 (Drg1 homolog) and additional factors. However, the mechanistic details remain unclear. Here we reveal that SPATA5 forms a 4:2:2:2 complex with SPATA5L1, C1orf109, and CINP. This complex features an N-terminal ring made of C1orf109, CINP and NTDs of SPATA5/SPATA5L1, and two hexameric AAA+ ATPase rings. Intriguingly, a conserved cysteine C672 in the P-loop of SPATA5 is sulfinylated, generating an inactive conformation incompatible with ATP binding. We also obtained a cryo-EM structure of pre-60S-bound SPATA5 complex. Different from yeast, the recognition of the pre-60S particle is mediated by human-specific factor CINP, through two distinct sets of interactions: one with GTPBP4 and the other with ES27A. Taken together, these data provide structural basis for understanding the cytoplasmic maturation of the pre-60S, and reveal human-specific features that might be harnessed for therapeutic purposes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58894-0
spellingShingle Yuhao Dai
Damu Wu
Ningning Li
Chengying Ma
Yunyang Zhang
Ning Gao
Cryo-EM structure of the AAA+ SPATA5 complex and its role in human cytoplasmic pre-60S maturation
Nature Communications
title Cryo-EM structure of the AAA+ SPATA5 complex and its role in human cytoplasmic pre-60S maturation
title_full Cryo-EM structure of the AAA+ SPATA5 complex and its role in human cytoplasmic pre-60S maturation
title_fullStr Cryo-EM structure of the AAA+ SPATA5 complex and its role in human cytoplasmic pre-60S maturation
title_full_unstemmed Cryo-EM structure of the AAA+ SPATA5 complex and its role in human cytoplasmic pre-60S maturation
title_short Cryo-EM structure of the AAA+ SPATA5 complex and its role in human cytoplasmic pre-60S maturation
title_sort cryo em structure of the aaa spata5 complex and its role in human cytoplasmic pre 60s maturation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58894-0
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