Investigation on Imbibition Recovery Characteristics in Jimusar Shale Oil and White Mineral Oil by NMR

Recovering oil by fracturing fluid imbibition has demonstrated significant potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in tight oil reservoirs. White mineral oil (WMO), kerosene, or saturated alkanes with matched apparent viscosity have been widely used as “crude oil” to investigate imbibition mechani...

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Main Authors: Dunqing Liu, Chengzhi Jia, Keji Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4111
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author Dunqing Liu
Chengzhi Jia
Keji Chen
author_facet Dunqing Liu
Chengzhi Jia
Keji Chen
author_sort Dunqing Liu
collection DOAJ
description Recovering oil by fracturing fluid imbibition has demonstrated significant potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in tight oil reservoirs. White mineral oil (WMO), kerosene, or saturated alkanes with matched apparent viscosity have been widely used as “crude oil” to investigate imbibition mechanisms in light shale oil or tight oil. However, the representativeness of these simulated oils for low-maturity crude oils with higher viscosity and greater content of resins and asphaltenes requires further research. In this study, imbibition experiments were conducted and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>–<i>T</i><sub>2</sub> nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were adopted to investigate the oil recovery characteristics among resin–asphaltene-rich Jimusar shale oil and two WMOs. The overall imbibition recovery rates, pore scale recovery characteristics, mobility variations among oils with different occurrence states, as well as key factors influencing imbibition efficiency were analyzed. The results show the following: (1) WMO, kerosene, or alkanes with matched apparent viscosity may not comprehensively replicate the imbibition behavior of resin–asphaltene-rich crude oils. These simplified systems fail to capture the pore-scale occurrence characteristics of resins/asphaltenes, their influence on pore wettability alteration, and may consequently overestimate the intrinsic imbibition displacement efficiency in reservoir formations. (2) Surfactant optimization must holistically address the intrinsic coupling between interfacial tension reduction, wettability modification, and pore-scale crude oil mobilization mechanisms. The alteration of overall wettability exhibits higher priority over interfacial tension in governing displacement dynamics. (3) Imbibition displacement exhibits selective mobilization characteristics for oil phases in pores. Specifically, when the oil phase contains complex hydrocarbon components, lighter fractions in larger pores are preferentially mobilized; when the oil composition is homogeneous, oil in smaller pores is mobilized first.
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spelling doaj-art-bae145a4899541e4bff81cd6ae3b31f82025-08-20T03:36:34ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-08-011815411110.3390/en18154111Investigation on Imbibition Recovery Characteristics in Jimusar Shale Oil and White Mineral Oil by NMRDunqing Liu0Chengzhi Jia1Keji Chen2Faculty of Petroleum, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) at Karamay, Karamay 834000, ChinaFaculty of Petroleum, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) at Karamay, Karamay 834000, ChinaFaculty of Petroleum, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) at Karamay, Karamay 834000, ChinaRecovering oil by fracturing fluid imbibition has demonstrated significant potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in tight oil reservoirs. White mineral oil (WMO), kerosene, or saturated alkanes with matched apparent viscosity have been widely used as “crude oil” to investigate imbibition mechanisms in light shale oil or tight oil. However, the representativeness of these simulated oils for low-maturity crude oils with higher viscosity and greater content of resins and asphaltenes requires further research. In this study, imbibition experiments were conducted and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>–<i>T</i><sub>2</sub> nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were adopted to investigate the oil recovery characteristics among resin–asphaltene-rich Jimusar shale oil and two WMOs. The overall imbibition recovery rates, pore scale recovery characteristics, mobility variations among oils with different occurrence states, as well as key factors influencing imbibition efficiency were analyzed. The results show the following: (1) WMO, kerosene, or alkanes with matched apparent viscosity may not comprehensively replicate the imbibition behavior of resin–asphaltene-rich crude oils. These simplified systems fail to capture the pore-scale occurrence characteristics of resins/asphaltenes, their influence on pore wettability alteration, and may consequently overestimate the intrinsic imbibition displacement efficiency in reservoir formations. (2) Surfactant optimization must holistically address the intrinsic coupling between interfacial tension reduction, wettability modification, and pore-scale crude oil mobilization mechanisms. The alteration of overall wettability exhibits higher priority over interfacial tension in governing displacement dynamics. (3) Imbibition displacement exhibits selective mobilization characteristics for oil phases in pores. Specifically, when the oil phase contains complex hydrocarbon components, lighter fractions in larger pores are preferentially mobilized; when the oil composition is homogeneous, oil in smaller pores is mobilized first.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4111shale oilimbibition displacement2-D NMRJimusar shale oil
spellingShingle Dunqing Liu
Chengzhi Jia
Keji Chen
Investigation on Imbibition Recovery Characteristics in Jimusar Shale Oil and White Mineral Oil by NMR
Energies
shale oil
imbibition displacement
2-D NMR
Jimusar shale oil
title Investigation on Imbibition Recovery Characteristics in Jimusar Shale Oil and White Mineral Oil by NMR
title_full Investigation on Imbibition Recovery Characteristics in Jimusar Shale Oil and White Mineral Oil by NMR
title_fullStr Investigation on Imbibition Recovery Characteristics in Jimusar Shale Oil and White Mineral Oil by NMR
title_full_unstemmed Investigation on Imbibition Recovery Characteristics in Jimusar Shale Oil and White Mineral Oil by NMR
title_short Investigation on Imbibition Recovery Characteristics in Jimusar Shale Oil and White Mineral Oil by NMR
title_sort investigation on imbibition recovery characteristics in jimusar shale oil and white mineral oil by nmr
topic shale oil
imbibition displacement
2-D NMR
Jimusar shale oil
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/4111
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AT chengzhijia investigationonimbibitionrecoverycharacteristicsinjimusarshaleoilandwhitemineraloilbynmr
AT kejichen investigationonimbibitionrecoverycharacteristicsinjimusarshaleoilandwhitemineraloilbynmr