An Epidemiological and Multidrug Resistance Study for E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection (Three Years of Study)

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is problematic and still the leading cause of urinary tract infections worldwide. It is developed resistance against most antibiotics. The investigation, surveillance system, and efficient strategy will facilitate selecting an appropriate treatment that could control th...

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Main Authors: Mahde S. Assafi, Fawwaz F. Ali, Reem Fouad Polis, Nisreen Jawad Sabaly, Sozan Muhsin Qarani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Baghdad, College of Science for Women 2022-02-01
Series:مجلة بغداد للعلوم
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Online Access:https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/5099
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author Mahde S. Assafi
Fawwaz F. Ali
Reem Fouad Polis
Nisreen Jawad Sabaly
Sozan Muhsin Qarani
author_facet Mahde S. Assafi
Fawwaz F. Ali
Reem Fouad Polis
Nisreen Jawad Sabaly
Sozan Muhsin Qarani
author_sort Mahde S. Assafi
collection DOAJ
description Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is problematic and still the leading cause of urinary tract infections worldwide. It is developed resistance against most antibiotics. The investigation, surveillance system, and efficient strategy will facilitate selecting an appropriate treatment that could control the bacterial distribution. The present study aims to investigate the epidemiology and associated risk factors of uropathogenic E. coli and to study their antibiotic resistance patterns. 1585 midstream urine specimens were collected from symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTI) patients (225 males and 1360 females) admitted to Zakho emergency hospital, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq from January 2016 until the end of December 2018. Specimens were inoculated on blood and MacConkey plates and incubated at 37оC for 24 hours. Uropathogenic E. coli was diagnosed based on gram staining, colony characteristics, and standard biochemical tests in accordance with local standards and guidelines. All isolates were screened for their antibiogram pattern using the disk diffusion method based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The results showed that out of 1585 urine specimens, 1026 (64.7%) were UTIs positive with a statistically higher rate in 2016 (83.6%) (P< 0.0001). The UTIs frequency in females was significantly higher than males (P< 0.0001). Generally, the uropathogenic E. coli represented 21.1% with the highest level in 2016 (22.9%). The uropathogenic E. coli rate was higher, statistically not significant, in females (21.4%) than males (18.5%) (P=0.4946). Additionally, through the three years of study, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) was in high frequency in February and May 2016. The female’s age group from 20 to 39 years was the most vulnerable (46%) form total infected females, while those from 70-74 years (1%) were the least susceptible in males and females. A high percentage (80.56 %) of multidrug resistance E. coli isolates was observed with high resistance against -lactamase and macrolides antibiotics. However, higher sensitivity was towards imipenem and meropenem. In conclusion, the wrong and overuse of antibiotics will increase the resistance rate of E. coli. For this reason, proper use of available antibiotics is necessary. Also, the educational programs and periodic monitoring of antimicrobial suscep­tibility are essential for reducing the antibiotic resistance rate.
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issn 2078-8665
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language English
publishDate 2022-02-01
publisher University of Baghdad, College of Science for Women
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series مجلة بغداد للعلوم
spelling doaj-art-bad8156a43f6411483cda5b009debcee2025-08-20T03:36:03ZengUniversity of Baghdad, College of Science for Womenمجلة بغداد للعلوم2078-86652411-79862022-02-0119110.21123/bsj.2022.19.1.0007An Epidemiological and Multidrug Resistance Study for E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection (Three Years of Study)Mahde S. Assafi0Fawwaz F. Ali1Reem Fouad Polis2Nisreen Jawad Sabaly3Sozan Muhsin Qarani4Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, IraqDepartment of Animal Production, Northern Technical University, Mosul, IraqDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of ZakhoZakho Emergency Hospital, Zakho, IraqUniversity of Hawler, College ofDentistry, Erbil, Iraq Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is problematic and still the leading cause of urinary tract infections worldwide. It is developed resistance against most antibiotics. The investigation, surveillance system, and efficient strategy will facilitate selecting an appropriate treatment that could control the bacterial distribution. The present study aims to investigate the epidemiology and associated risk factors of uropathogenic E. coli and to study their antibiotic resistance patterns. 1585 midstream urine specimens were collected from symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTI) patients (225 males and 1360 females) admitted to Zakho emergency hospital, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq from January 2016 until the end of December 2018. Specimens were inoculated on blood and MacConkey plates and incubated at 37оC for 24 hours. Uropathogenic E. coli was diagnosed based on gram staining, colony characteristics, and standard biochemical tests in accordance with local standards and guidelines. All isolates were screened for their antibiogram pattern using the disk diffusion method based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The results showed that out of 1585 urine specimens, 1026 (64.7%) were UTIs positive with a statistically higher rate in 2016 (83.6%) (P< 0.0001). The UTIs frequency in females was significantly higher than males (P< 0.0001). Generally, the uropathogenic E. coli represented 21.1% with the highest level in 2016 (22.9%). The uropathogenic E. coli rate was higher, statistically not significant, in females (21.4%) than males (18.5%) (P=0.4946). Additionally, through the three years of study, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) was in high frequency in February and May 2016. The female’s age group from 20 to 39 years was the most vulnerable (46%) form total infected females, while those from 70-74 years (1%) were the least susceptible in males and females. A high percentage (80.56 %) of multidrug resistance E. coli isolates was observed with high resistance against -lactamase and macrolides antibiotics. However, higher sensitivity was towards imipenem and meropenem. In conclusion, the wrong and overuse of antibiotics will increase the resistance rate of E. coli. For this reason, proper use of available antibiotics is necessary. Also, the educational programs and periodic monitoring of antimicrobial suscep­tibility are essential for reducing the antibiotic resistance rate. https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/5099Antibiotic resistance, E. coli, Multidrug resistance, Urinary tract infections
spellingShingle Mahde S. Assafi
Fawwaz F. Ali
Reem Fouad Polis
Nisreen Jawad Sabaly
Sozan Muhsin Qarani
An Epidemiological and Multidrug Resistance Study for E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection (Three Years of Study)
مجلة بغداد للعلوم
Antibiotic resistance, E. coli, Multidrug resistance, Urinary tract infections
title An Epidemiological and Multidrug Resistance Study for E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection (Three Years of Study)
title_full An Epidemiological and Multidrug Resistance Study for E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection (Three Years of Study)
title_fullStr An Epidemiological and Multidrug Resistance Study for E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection (Three Years of Study)
title_full_unstemmed An Epidemiological and Multidrug Resistance Study for E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection (Three Years of Study)
title_short An Epidemiological and Multidrug Resistance Study for E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection (Three Years of Study)
title_sort epidemiological and multidrug resistance study for e coli isolated from urinary tract infection three years of study
topic Antibiotic resistance, E. coli, Multidrug resistance, Urinary tract infections
url https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/5099
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