Salivary Neuropilin-1 as a Promising Biomarker in Smokers with and without Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer Patients: A Clinico-Biochemical Study

Background: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein which has a pivotal role in pathological processes of cancer progression and metastasis. The risk of invasive oral cancer developing from oral leukoplakia is higher, ranging from 3% to 33%. Prior literature has highlighted Neuropilin ov...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Deepasakthi Jayagopi, Sreedevi Dharman, Selvaraj Jayaraman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_10_25
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849423090351603712
author Deepasakthi Jayagopi
Sreedevi Dharman
Selvaraj Jayaraman
author_facet Deepasakthi Jayagopi
Sreedevi Dharman
Selvaraj Jayaraman
author_sort Deepasakthi Jayagopi
collection DOAJ
description Background: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein which has a pivotal role in pathological processes of cancer progression and metastasis. The risk of invasive oral cancer developing from oral leukoplakia is higher, ranging from 3% to 33%. Prior literature has highlighted Neuropilin overexpression in various extra oral cancers. Objective: This research analyzed salivary NRP1 levels in oral cancer in comparison with oral leukoplakia, smokers, and healthy controls. Methods: Salivary samples were obtained from 25 healthy volunteers, smokers, oral leukoplakia patients, and oral cancer patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (My Biosource, Inc., San Diego, CA) was done to analyze salivary NRP1 enzyme levels. Significance of salivary biomarkers among different groups was assessed by ANOVA with P < 0.001 level of significance. Results: The mean salivary Neuropilin levels were 10.33 ng/ml in oral cancer patients in comparison to 7.83 ng/ml in oral leukoplakia, 5.62 ng/ml in smokers without leukoplakia, and 3.49 ng/ml in healthy controls, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In our research, NRP1 showed a constant increase in smokers, oral leukoplakia patients, and oral cancer patients. Detection of NRP1 levels at an early stage such as smoking will act as a screening and prognostic biomarker tool, and targeted therapy against them aids to curb oral cancer initiation and progression.
format Article
id doaj-art-bad2edbce2914371a47259a80fbad4c8
institution Kabale University
issn 0972-1363
0975-1572
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
record_format Article
series Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology
spelling doaj-art-bad2edbce2914371a47259a80fbad4c82025-08-20T03:30:48ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology0972-13630975-15722025-04-0137220020410.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_10_25Salivary Neuropilin-1 as a Promising Biomarker in Smokers with and without Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer Patients: A Clinico-Biochemical StudyDeepasakthi JayagopiSreedevi DharmanSelvaraj JayaramanBackground: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein which has a pivotal role in pathological processes of cancer progression and metastasis. The risk of invasive oral cancer developing from oral leukoplakia is higher, ranging from 3% to 33%. Prior literature has highlighted Neuropilin overexpression in various extra oral cancers. Objective: This research analyzed salivary NRP1 levels in oral cancer in comparison with oral leukoplakia, smokers, and healthy controls. Methods: Salivary samples were obtained from 25 healthy volunteers, smokers, oral leukoplakia patients, and oral cancer patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (My Biosource, Inc., San Diego, CA) was done to analyze salivary NRP1 enzyme levels. Significance of salivary biomarkers among different groups was assessed by ANOVA with P < 0.001 level of significance. Results: The mean salivary Neuropilin levels were 10.33 ng/ml in oral cancer patients in comparison to 7.83 ng/ml in oral leukoplakia, 5.62 ng/ml in smokers without leukoplakia, and 3.49 ng/ml in healthy controls, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In our research, NRP1 showed a constant increase in smokers, oral leukoplakia patients, and oral cancer patients. Detection of NRP1 levels at an early stage such as smoking will act as a screening and prognostic biomarker tool, and targeted therapy against them aids to curb oral cancer initiation and progression.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_10_25biomarkersenzyme-linked immunosorbent assayneuropilin-1oral leukoplakiasmokingkey message: salivary neuropilin has significant clinical implications such as early detection and screening, monitoring disease progression and prognosis, and targets for therapeutic interventions.
spellingShingle Deepasakthi Jayagopi
Sreedevi Dharman
Selvaraj Jayaraman
Salivary Neuropilin-1 as a Promising Biomarker in Smokers with and without Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer Patients: A Clinico-Biochemical Study
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology
biomarkers
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
neuropilin-1
oral leukoplakia
smoking
key message: salivary neuropilin has significant clinical implications such as early detection and screening, monitoring disease progression and prognosis, and targets for therapeutic interventions.
title Salivary Neuropilin-1 as a Promising Biomarker in Smokers with and without Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer Patients: A Clinico-Biochemical Study
title_full Salivary Neuropilin-1 as a Promising Biomarker in Smokers with and without Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer Patients: A Clinico-Biochemical Study
title_fullStr Salivary Neuropilin-1 as a Promising Biomarker in Smokers with and without Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer Patients: A Clinico-Biochemical Study
title_full_unstemmed Salivary Neuropilin-1 as a Promising Biomarker in Smokers with and without Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer Patients: A Clinico-Biochemical Study
title_short Salivary Neuropilin-1 as a Promising Biomarker in Smokers with and without Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer Patients: A Clinico-Biochemical Study
title_sort salivary neuropilin 1 as a promising biomarker in smokers with and without oral leukoplakia and oral cancer patients a clinico biochemical study
topic biomarkers
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
neuropilin-1
oral leukoplakia
smoking
key message: salivary neuropilin has significant clinical implications such as early detection and screening, monitoring disease progression and prognosis, and targets for therapeutic interventions.
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_10_25
work_keys_str_mv AT deepasakthijayagopi salivaryneuropilin1asapromisingbiomarkerinsmokerswithandwithoutoralleukoplakiaandoralcancerpatientsaclinicobiochemicalstudy
AT sreedevidharman salivaryneuropilin1asapromisingbiomarkerinsmokerswithandwithoutoralleukoplakiaandoralcancerpatientsaclinicobiochemicalstudy
AT selvarajjayaraman salivaryneuropilin1asapromisingbiomarkerinsmokerswithandwithoutoralleukoplakiaandoralcancerpatientsaclinicobiochemicalstudy