Evaluation of the Effect of Floating Treatment Wetlands Planted with <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> on the Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O in Grouper Aquaculture Systems
Aquaculture expansion to meet global protein demand has intensified concerns over nutrient pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are proven for water quality improvement, their potential to mitigate GHG emissions in marine aquaculture remains poorly u...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Shenghua Zheng Man Wu Jian Liu Wangwang Ye Yongqing Lin Miaofeng Yang Huidong Zheng Fang Yang Donglian Luo Liyang Zhan |
| author_facet | Shenghua Zheng Man Wu Jian Liu Wangwang Ye Yongqing Lin Miaofeng Yang Huidong Zheng Fang Yang Donglian Luo Liyang Zhan |
| author_sort | Shenghua Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aquaculture expansion to meet global protein demand has intensified concerns over nutrient pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are proven for water quality improvement, their potential to mitigate GHG emissions in marine aquaculture remains poorly understood. This study quantitatively evaluated the dual capacity of Sesuvium portulacastrum FTWs to (a) regulate dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and (b) reduce CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in grouper aquaculture systems. DIN speciation (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) and CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes of six controlled ponds (three FTW and three control) were monitored for 44 days. DIN in the FTW group was approximately 90 μmol/L lower than that in the control group, and the water in the plant group was more “oxidative” than that in the control group. The former groups were dominated by NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, with lower dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations, whereas the latter were dominated by NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> during the first 20 days of the experiment and by NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> at the end of the experiment, with higher DIC and N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations on average. Higher primary production may be the reason that the DIC concentration was lower in the plant group than in the control group, whereas efficient nitrification and uptake by plants reduced the availability of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in the plant group, thereby reducing the production of N<sub>2</sub>O. A comparison of the CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O flux potentials in the plant group and control group revealed that, in the presence of FTWs, the CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions decreased by 14% and 36%, respectively. This showed that <i>S. portulacastrum</i> FTWs effectively couple DIN removal with GHG mitigation, offering a nature-based solution for sustainable aquaculture. Their low biomass requirement enhances practical scalability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bac284ecec5143a9abb88ce1704575ff |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bac284ecec5143a9abb88ce1704575ff2025-08-20T03:58:31ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-07-01137134210.3390/jmse13071342Evaluation of the Effect of Floating Treatment Wetlands Planted with <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> on the Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O in Grouper Aquaculture SystemsShenghua Zheng0Man Wu1Jian Liu2Wangwang Ye3Yongqing Lin4Miaofeng Yang5Huidong Zheng6Fang Yang7Donglian Luo8Liyang Zhan9Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, ChinaAquaculture expansion to meet global protein demand has intensified concerns over nutrient pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are proven for water quality improvement, their potential to mitigate GHG emissions in marine aquaculture remains poorly understood. This study quantitatively evaluated the dual capacity of Sesuvium portulacastrum FTWs to (a) regulate dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and (b) reduce CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in grouper aquaculture systems. DIN speciation (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) and CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes of six controlled ponds (three FTW and three control) were monitored for 44 days. DIN in the FTW group was approximately 90 μmol/L lower than that in the control group, and the water in the plant group was more “oxidative” than that in the control group. The former groups were dominated by NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, with lower dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations, whereas the latter were dominated by NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> during the first 20 days of the experiment and by NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> at the end of the experiment, with higher DIC and N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations on average. Higher primary production may be the reason that the DIC concentration was lower in the plant group than in the control group, whereas efficient nitrification and uptake by plants reduced the availability of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in the plant group, thereby reducing the production of N<sub>2</sub>O. A comparison of the CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O flux potentials in the plant group and control group revealed that, in the presence of FTWs, the CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions decreased by 14% and 36%, respectively. This showed that <i>S. portulacastrum</i> FTWs effectively couple DIN removal with GHG mitigation, offering a nature-based solution for sustainable aquaculture. Their low biomass requirement enhances practical scalability.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1342<i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i>nature-based solutionsmarine aquaponicsGHG mitigationsustainable development goal 14 |
| spellingShingle | Shenghua Zheng Man Wu Jian Liu Wangwang Ye Yongqing Lin Miaofeng Yang Huidong Zheng Fang Yang Donglian Luo Liyang Zhan Evaluation of the Effect of Floating Treatment Wetlands Planted with <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> on the Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O in Grouper Aquaculture Systems Journal of Marine Science and Engineering <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> nature-based solutions marine aquaponics GHG mitigation sustainable development goal 14 |
| title | Evaluation of the Effect of Floating Treatment Wetlands Planted with <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> on the Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O in Grouper Aquaculture Systems |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Effect of Floating Treatment Wetlands Planted with <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> on the Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O in Grouper Aquaculture Systems |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Effect of Floating Treatment Wetlands Planted with <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> on the Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O in Grouper Aquaculture Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Effect of Floating Treatment Wetlands Planted with <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> on the Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O in Grouper Aquaculture Systems |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Effect of Floating Treatment Wetlands Planted with <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> on the Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O in Grouper Aquaculture Systems |
| title_sort | evaluation of the effect of floating treatment wetlands planted with i sesuvium portulacastrum i on the dynamics of dissolved inorganic nitrogen co sub 2 sub and n sub 2 sub o in grouper aquaculture systems |
| topic | <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> nature-based solutions marine aquaponics GHG mitigation sustainable development goal 14 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1342 |
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