Crustal structure of the Moon determined from short-period Rayleigh wave analysis

The lunar crustal structure is determined to be in a depth range of 0 to 40 km by means of Rayleigh wave analysis. The traces of three moonquakes were used to obtain Rayleigh wave dispersion (group velocities) in the short period range (fundamental mode: 0.5–12.5 s, first mode: 0.5–5.5 s, and second...

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Main Author: Victor Corchete
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2025.1433697/full
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author Victor Corchete
author_facet Victor Corchete
author_sort Victor Corchete
collection DOAJ
description The lunar crustal structure is determined to be in a depth range of 0 to 40 km by means of Rayleigh wave analysis. The traces of three moonquakes were used to obtain Rayleigh wave dispersion (group velocities) in the short period range (fundamental mode: 0.5–12.5 s, first mode: 0.5–5.5 s, and second mode: 1–4 s). These moonquakes were registered by two stations placed on the Moon during the Apollo program. The dispersion was calculated with a combination of filtering techniques and was later inverted to the fundamental-mode dispersion to obtain an S-velocity model—an S-velocity distribution with depth. The S-velocity increased with depth, and a rapid S-velocity gradient was observed from 0 to 5 km in depth, while the S-velocity gradient became smaller down to 5 km in depth. While the present S-velocity model contributes to lunar crustal structure determination, more research is needed to precisely determine this structure, which will be possible when higher-quality data are acquired in future missions. Plain language summary: A rapid S-velocity gradient was determined from 0 to 5 km in depth. The low S-velocities (<2 km/s) determined for the first layers (0–2 km-depth) can be associated with the presence of broken and fractured materials at the uppermost lunar strata. The S-velocity increases with depth, but its gradient becomes slower deeper than 5 km.
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spelling doaj-art-bab8668d8d7a46f989d495ccb9c1f38f2025-08-20T03:08:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences2296-987X2025-05-011210.3389/fspas.2025.14336971433697Crustal structure of the Moon determined from short-period Rayleigh wave analysisVictor CorcheteThe lunar crustal structure is determined to be in a depth range of 0 to 40 km by means of Rayleigh wave analysis. The traces of three moonquakes were used to obtain Rayleigh wave dispersion (group velocities) in the short period range (fundamental mode: 0.5–12.5 s, first mode: 0.5–5.5 s, and second mode: 1–4 s). These moonquakes were registered by two stations placed on the Moon during the Apollo program. The dispersion was calculated with a combination of filtering techniques and was later inverted to the fundamental-mode dispersion to obtain an S-velocity model—an S-velocity distribution with depth. The S-velocity increased with depth, and a rapid S-velocity gradient was observed from 0 to 5 km in depth, while the S-velocity gradient became smaller down to 5 km in depth. While the present S-velocity model contributes to lunar crustal structure determination, more research is needed to precisely determine this structure, which will be possible when higher-quality data are acquired in future missions. Plain language summary: A rapid S-velocity gradient was determined from 0 to 5 km in depth. The low S-velocities (<2 km/s) determined for the first layers (0–2 km-depth) can be associated with the presence of broken and fractured materials at the uppermost lunar strata. The S-velocity increases with depth, but its gradient becomes slower deeper than 5 km.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2025.1433697/fullRayleigh waveshear wavecrustMoonApollo program
spellingShingle Victor Corchete
Crustal structure of the Moon determined from short-period Rayleigh wave analysis
Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
Rayleigh wave
shear wave
crust
Moon
Apollo program
title Crustal structure of the Moon determined from short-period Rayleigh wave analysis
title_full Crustal structure of the Moon determined from short-period Rayleigh wave analysis
title_fullStr Crustal structure of the Moon determined from short-period Rayleigh wave analysis
title_full_unstemmed Crustal structure of the Moon determined from short-period Rayleigh wave analysis
title_short Crustal structure of the Moon determined from short-period Rayleigh wave analysis
title_sort crustal structure of the moon determined from short period rayleigh wave analysis
topic Rayleigh wave
shear wave
crust
Moon
Apollo program
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2025.1433697/full
work_keys_str_mv AT victorcorchete crustalstructureofthemoondeterminedfromshortperiodrayleighwaveanalysis