Empirical Investigation of the Sources of Inflation in Sri Lanka: Assessing the Roles of Global and Domestic Drivers

The annual inflation rate in Sri Lanka accelerated to record levels in recent years, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Though the inflation rate had declined to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2024, it is of great importance to identify the factors that caused hyperinflation during the COVID-19 pan...

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Main Authors: E. M. Ekanayake, P. M. A. L. Dissanayake
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Economies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/13/4/102
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author E. M. Ekanayake
P. M. A. L. Dissanayake
author_facet E. M. Ekanayake
P. M. A. L. Dissanayake
author_sort E. M. Ekanayake
collection DOAJ
description The annual inflation rate in Sri Lanka accelerated to record levels in recent years, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Though the inflation rate had declined to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2024, it is of great importance to identify the factors that caused hyperinflation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to investigate the drivers of inflation in Sri Lanka using a structural vector autoregressive model and a multiple regression model. The study assesses both the global drivers and the domestic drivers of inflation. The study uses monthly data on the inflation rate, global oil price, exchange rate, policy rate, the global supply chain pressure index, and unemployment rate, covering the period from January 2020 to August 2024, focusing on the period of rapid increase in the inflation rate in Sri Lanka. The empirical results of the study provide evidence to conclude that the inflation rate in Sri Lanka during the 2020–2024 period was mainly driven by the growth rates in money supply, exchange rates, and global supply chain disruptions. The results also show that the volatility of the Sri Lanka inflation rate is mostly explained by the money supply and exchange rate movements in the long run.
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spelling doaj-art-bab7f2aaccb544ae9036d9c4c3aaa3f12025-08-20T02:28:33ZengMDPI AGEconomies2227-70992025-04-0113410210.3390/economies13040102Empirical Investigation of the Sources of Inflation in Sri Lanka: Assessing the Roles of Global and Domestic DriversE. M. Ekanayake0P. M. A. L. Dissanayake1College of Business and Entrepreneurship, Bethune-Cookman University, 640 Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Blvd., Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USADepartment of Economics, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri LankaThe annual inflation rate in Sri Lanka accelerated to record levels in recent years, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Though the inflation rate had declined to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2024, it is of great importance to identify the factors that caused hyperinflation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to investigate the drivers of inflation in Sri Lanka using a structural vector autoregressive model and a multiple regression model. The study assesses both the global drivers and the domestic drivers of inflation. The study uses monthly data on the inflation rate, global oil price, exchange rate, policy rate, the global supply chain pressure index, and unemployment rate, covering the period from January 2020 to August 2024, focusing on the period of rapid increase in the inflation rate in Sri Lanka. The empirical results of the study provide evidence to conclude that the inflation rate in Sri Lanka during the 2020–2024 period was mainly driven by the growth rates in money supply, exchange rates, and global supply chain disruptions. The results also show that the volatility of the Sri Lanka inflation rate is mostly explained by the money supply and exchange rate movements in the long run.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/13/4/102inflationmonetary policyexchange rateglobal oil priceSri Lanka
spellingShingle E. M. Ekanayake
P. M. A. L. Dissanayake
Empirical Investigation of the Sources of Inflation in Sri Lanka: Assessing the Roles of Global and Domestic Drivers
Economies
inflation
monetary policy
exchange rate
global oil price
Sri Lanka
title Empirical Investigation of the Sources of Inflation in Sri Lanka: Assessing the Roles of Global and Domestic Drivers
title_full Empirical Investigation of the Sources of Inflation in Sri Lanka: Assessing the Roles of Global and Domestic Drivers
title_fullStr Empirical Investigation of the Sources of Inflation in Sri Lanka: Assessing the Roles of Global and Domestic Drivers
title_full_unstemmed Empirical Investigation of the Sources of Inflation in Sri Lanka: Assessing the Roles of Global and Domestic Drivers
title_short Empirical Investigation of the Sources of Inflation in Sri Lanka: Assessing the Roles of Global and Domestic Drivers
title_sort empirical investigation of the sources of inflation in sri lanka assessing the roles of global and domestic drivers
topic inflation
monetary policy
exchange rate
global oil price
Sri Lanka
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/13/4/102
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AT pmaldissanayake empiricalinvestigationofthesourcesofinflationinsrilankaassessingtherolesofglobalanddomesticdrivers