MSCM: A geomagnetic model derived from Swarm, CSES, and MSS-1 satellite data and the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly

Measurements from geomagnetic satellites continue to underpin advances in geomagnetic field models that describe Earth’s internally generated magnetic field. Here, we present a new field model, MSCM, that integrates vector and scalar data from the Swarm, China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES)...

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Main Authors: Yu Gao, ZhengTao Wang, Philip W. Livermore, Hannah F. Rogers, Cong Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Science Press 2025-05-01
Series:Earth and Planetary Physics
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Online Access:http://www.eppcgs.org/article/doi/10.26464/epp2025030?pageType=en
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author Yu Gao
ZhengTao Wang
Philip W. Livermore
Hannah F. Rogers
Cong Liu
author_facet Yu Gao
ZhengTao Wang
Philip W. Livermore
Hannah F. Rogers
Cong Liu
author_sort Yu Gao
collection DOAJ
description Measurements from geomagnetic satellites continue to underpin advances in geomagnetic field models that describe Earth’s internally generated magnetic field. Here, we present a new field model, MSCM, that integrates vector and scalar data from the Swarm, China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), and Macau Science Satellite-1 (MSS-1) missions. The model spans from 2014.0 to 2024.5, incorporating the core, lithospheric, and magnetospheric fields, and it shows characteristics similar to other published models based on different data. For the first time, we demonstrate that it is possible to successfully construct a geomagnetic field model that incorporates CSES vector data, albeit one in which the radial and azimuthal CSES vector components are Huber downweighted. We further show that data from the MSS-1 can be integrated within an explicitly smoothed, fully time-dependent model description. Using the MSCM, we identify new behavior of the South Atlantic Anomaly, the broad region of low magnetic field intensity over the southern Atlantic. This prominent feature appears split into a western part and an eastern part, each with its own intensity minimum. Since 2015, the principal western minimum has undergone only modest intensity decreases of 290 nT and westward motion of 20 km per year, whereas the recently formed eastern minimum has shown a 2–3 times greater intensity drop of 730 nT with no apparent east–west motion.
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spelling doaj-art-ba9c076679a04d27a8f06045f9185a672025-08-20T03:53:39ZengScience PressEarth and Planetary Physics2096-39552025-05-019356457610.26464/epp2025030S22599-gaoyu-FMSCM: A geomagnetic model derived from Swarm, CSES, and MSS-1 satellite data and the evolution of the South Atlantic AnomalyYu Gao0ZhengTao Wang1Philip W. Livermore2Hannah F. Rogers3Cong Liu4School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaSchool of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaSchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United KingdomSchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United KingdomSchool of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaMeasurements from geomagnetic satellites continue to underpin advances in geomagnetic field models that describe Earth’s internally generated magnetic field. Here, we present a new field model, MSCM, that integrates vector and scalar data from the Swarm, China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), and Macau Science Satellite-1 (MSS-1) missions. The model spans from 2014.0 to 2024.5, incorporating the core, lithospheric, and magnetospheric fields, and it shows characteristics similar to other published models based on different data. For the first time, we demonstrate that it is possible to successfully construct a geomagnetic field model that incorporates CSES vector data, albeit one in which the radial and azimuthal CSES vector components are Huber downweighted. We further show that data from the MSS-1 can be integrated within an explicitly smoothed, fully time-dependent model description. Using the MSCM, we identify new behavior of the South Atlantic Anomaly, the broad region of low magnetic field intensity over the southern Atlantic. This prominent feature appears split into a western part and an eastern part, each with its own intensity minimum. Since 2015, the principal western minimum has undergone only modest intensity decreases of 290 nT and westward motion of 20 km per year, whereas the recently formed eastern minimum has shown a 2–3 times greater intensity drop of 730 nT with no apparent east–west motion.http://www.eppcgs.org/article/doi/10.26464/epp2025030?pageType=engeomagnetismswarmcsesmss-1geomagnetic field model
spellingShingle Yu Gao
ZhengTao Wang
Philip W. Livermore
Hannah F. Rogers
Cong Liu
MSCM: A geomagnetic model derived from Swarm, CSES, and MSS-1 satellite data and the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly
Earth and Planetary Physics
geomagnetism
swarm
cses
mss-1
geomagnetic field model
title MSCM: A geomagnetic model derived from Swarm, CSES, and MSS-1 satellite data and the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly
title_full MSCM: A geomagnetic model derived from Swarm, CSES, and MSS-1 satellite data and the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly
title_fullStr MSCM: A geomagnetic model derived from Swarm, CSES, and MSS-1 satellite data and the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly
title_full_unstemmed MSCM: A geomagnetic model derived from Swarm, CSES, and MSS-1 satellite data and the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly
title_short MSCM: A geomagnetic model derived from Swarm, CSES, and MSS-1 satellite data and the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly
title_sort mscm a geomagnetic model derived from swarm cses and mss 1 satellite data and the evolution of the south atlantic anomaly
topic geomagnetism
swarm
cses
mss-1
geomagnetic field model
url http://www.eppcgs.org/article/doi/10.26464/epp2025030?pageType=en
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