Protective role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses against vital organ related long COVID symptoms
Abstract COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the world with a major public health problem, long COVID (LC), which is estimated to affect over 400 million people worldwide. Many unknowns remain regarding the mechanisms involved in LC. We investigated the impact of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and IF...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04152-8 |
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| author | Jhosiene Yukari Magawa Lucas Cauê Jacintho Marcelo Alves Ferreira Jamille Ramos Oliveira Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado Andreia Kuramoto Takara Renata Moreno Lima de Oliveira Ariane Cesario Lima Greyce Luri Sasahara Flávia Lopes Adami Giuliana Xavier Medeiros Juliana de Souza Apostolico Edgar Ruz Fernandes Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira Edison Luiz Durigon Pedro Giavina Bianchi Silvia Beatriz Boscardin Daniela Santoro Rosa Edecio Cunha-Neto Jorge Kalil Verônica Coelho Keity Souza Santos |
| author_facet | Jhosiene Yukari Magawa Lucas Cauê Jacintho Marcelo Alves Ferreira Jamille Ramos Oliveira Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado Andreia Kuramoto Takara Renata Moreno Lima de Oliveira Ariane Cesario Lima Greyce Luri Sasahara Flávia Lopes Adami Giuliana Xavier Medeiros Juliana de Souza Apostolico Edgar Ruz Fernandes Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira Edison Luiz Durigon Pedro Giavina Bianchi Silvia Beatriz Boscardin Daniela Santoro Rosa Edecio Cunha-Neto Jorge Kalil Verônica Coelho Keity Souza Santos |
| author_sort | Jhosiene Yukari Magawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the world with a major public health problem, long COVID (LC), which is estimated to affect over 400 million people worldwide. Many unknowns remain regarding the mechanisms involved in LC. We investigated the impact of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and IFN-γ responses on the development of LC and its various phenotypes. We studied a cohort of 137 convalescents following predominantly mild COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave (2020) and up to one-year post-infection. We found 45% of LC cases that were associated with a greater number and duration of acute-phase symptoms. Cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal symptoms in the acute phase were associated to protection against LC development, while pulmonary, otorhinolaryngological, musculoskeletal and other symptoms were associated with increased risk of LC development. Regarding LC phenotypes, we observed risk associations and potentially deleterious effects of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for LC symptoms classified as general or other. In contrast, for vital organ-related LC symptoms, we found only protective associations, particularly for cardiovascular symptoms, which indeed had a low prevalence in LC (16%). Collectively, our data suggest that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies play a protective role against vital organ-related LC symptoms, especially cardiovascular symptoms, but are insufficient in preventing or limiting other highly prevalent LC symptoms, such as neurological, psychiatric and pulmonary. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ba99a4974f104f12b6e87f5a1f79be4a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-ba99a4974f104f12b6e87f5a1f79be4a2025-08-20T03:37:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-04152-8Protective role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses against vital organ related long COVID symptomsJhosiene Yukari Magawa0Lucas Cauê Jacintho1Marcelo Alves Ferreira2Jamille Ramos Oliveira3Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado4Andreia Kuramoto Takara5Renata Moreno Lima de Oliveira6Ariane Cesario Lima7Greyce Luri Sasahara8Flávia Lopes Adami9Giuliana Xavier Medeiros10Juliana de Souza Apostolico11Edgar Ruz Fernandes12Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira13Edison Luiz Durigon14Pedro Giavina Bianchi15Silvia Beatriz Boscardin16Daniela Santoro Rosa17Edecio Cunha-Neto18Jorge Kalil19Verônica Coelho20Keity Souza Santos21Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloLaboratório de Biologia Celular, LIM59, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloLaboratório de Imunologia, LIM19, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP)Laboratório de Imunologia, LIM19, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP)Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloLaboratório de Imunologia, LIM19, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP)Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloLaboratório de Imunologia, LIM19, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP)Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM)Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM)Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinDepartamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloInstituto de Investigação em Imunologia – Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia – iii- INCTDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloAbstract COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the world with a major public health problem, long COVID (LC), which is estimated to affect over 400 million people worldwide. Many unknowns remain regarding the mechanisms involved in LC. We investigated the impact of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and IFN-γ responses on the development of LC and its various phenotypes. We studied a cohort of 137 convalescents following predominantly mild COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave (2020) and up to one-year post-infection. We found 45% of LC cases that were associated with a greater number and duration of acute-phase symptoms. Cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal symptoms in the acute phase were associated to protection against LC development, while pulmonary, otorhinolaryngological, musculoskeletal and other symptoms were associated with increased risk of LC development. Regarding LC phenotypes, we observed risk associations and potentially deleterious effects of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for LC symptoms classified as general or other. In contrast, for vital organ-related LC symptoms, we found only protective associations, particularly for cardiovascular symptoms, which indeed had a low prevalence in LC (16%). Collectively, our data suggest that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies play a protective role against vital organ-related LC symptoms, especially cardiovascular symptoms, but are insufficient in preventing or limiting other highly prevalent LC symptoms, such as neurological, psychiatric and pulmonary.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04152-8Humoral responsesLong COVID phenotypesCardiovascular protectionIgA anti-NP protectionRisk for long COVID symptoms (Min. 5–Max. 8) |
| spellingShingle | Jhosiene Yukari Magawa Lucas Cauê Jacintho Marcelo Alves Ferreira Jamille Ramos Oliveira Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado Andreia Kuramoto Takara Renata Moreno Lima de Oliveira Ariane Cesario Lima Greyce Luri Sasahara Flávia Lopes Adami Giuliana Xavier Medeiros Juliana de Souza Apostolico Edgar Ruz Fernandes Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira Edison Luiz Durigon Pedro Giavina Bianchi Silvia Beatriz Boscardin Daniela Santoro Rosa Edecio Cunha-Neto Jorge Kalil Verônica Coelho Keity Souza Santos Protective role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses against vital organ related long COVID symptoms Scientific Reports Humoral responses Long COVID phenotypes Cardiovascular protection IgA anti-NP protection Risk for long COVID symptoms (Min. 5–Max. 8) |
| title | Protective role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses against vital organ related long COVID symptoms |
| title_full | Protective role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses against vital organ related long COVID symptoms |
| title_fullStr | Protective role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses against vital organ related long COVID symptoms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses against vital organ related long COVID symptoms |
| title_short | Protective role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses against vital organ related long COVID symptoms |
| title_sort | protective role of anti sars cov 2 antibody responses against vital organ related long covid symptoms |
| topic | Humoral responses Long COVID phenotypes Cardiovascular protection IgA anti-NP protection Risk for long COVID symptoms (Min. 5–Max. 8) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04152-8 |
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