Protective role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses against vital organ related long COVID symptoms

Protective role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses against vital organ related long COVID symptoms

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the world with a major public health problem, long COVID (LC), which is estimated to affect over 400 million people worldwide. Many unknowns remain regarding the mechanisms involved in LC. We investigated the impact of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and IF...

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Main Authors: Jhosiene Yukari Magawa, Lucas Cauê Jacintho, Marcelo Alves Ferreira, Jamille Ramos Oliveira, Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado, Andreia Kuramoto Takara, Renata Moreno Lima de Oliveira, Ariane Cesario Lima, Greyce Luri Sasahara, Flávia Lopes Adami, Giuliana Xavier Medeiros, Juliana de Souza Apostolico, Edgar Ruz Fernandes, Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira, Edison Luiz Durigon, Pedro Giavina Bianchi, Silvia Beatriz Boscardin, Daniela Santoro Rosa, Edecio Cunha-Neto, Jorge Kalil, Verônica Coelho, Keity Souza Santos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Humoral responses
Long COVID phenotypes
Cardiovascular protection
IgA anti-NP protection
Risk for long COVID symptoms (Min. 5–Max. 8)
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04152-8
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Summary:Abstract COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the world with a major public health problem, long COVID (LC), which is estimated to affect over 400 million people worldwide. Many unknowns remain regarding the mechanisms involved in LC. We investigated the impact of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and IFN-γ responses on the development of LC and its various phenotypes. We studied a cohort of 137 convalescents following predominantly mild COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave (2020) and up to one-year post-infection. We found 45% of LC cases that were associated with a greater number and duration of acute-phase symptoms. Cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal symptoms in the acute phase were associated to protection against LC development, while pulmonary, otorhinolaryngological, musculoskeletal and other symptoms were associated with increased risk of LC development. Regarding LC phenotypes, we observed risk associations and potentially deleterious effects of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for LC symptoms classified as general or other. In contrast, for vital organ-related LC symptoms, we found only protective associations, particularly for cardiovascular symptoms, which indeed had a low prevalence in LC (16%). Collectively, our data suggest that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies play a protective role against vital organ-related LC symptoms, especially cardiovascular symptoms, but are insufficient in preventing or limiting other highly prevalent LC symptoms, such as neurological, psychiatric and pulmonary.
ISSN:2045-2322

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