The correlation between serum vitamin D with Apo B and framingham risk score among a group of Iraqi subjects: a Cross-sectional and prospective pilot study
Abstract Background Vitamin D may play a role in cardiovascular health, particularly in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. This study examines the correlation between serum vitamin D levels with Apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and evaluates the impact of correcting s...
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2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04855-w |
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| author | Israa Nather Ahmed Fatimatuzzahra’ Abd Aziz Raid Dhia Hashim |
| author_facet | Israa Nather Ahmed Fatimatuzzahra’ Abd Aziz Raid Dhia Hashim |
| author_sort | Israa Nather Ahmed |
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| description | Abstract Background Vitamin D may play a role in cardiovascular health, particularly in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. This study examines the correlation between serum vitamin D levels with Apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and evaluates the impact of correcting severe vitamin D deficiency on Apo B levels and FRS among a group of Iraqi population. Methods This two-phase study was conducted in Baghdad between November 2022 and October 2023 and included a cross-sectional phase examining the association between vitamin D, with Apo B, and the FRS, followed by a prospective phase assessing the impacts of vitamin D correction. A total of 201 participants were recruited, including 60 individuals with severe vitamin D deficiency (≤ 10 ng/ml) who received supplementation and 40 with sufficient vitamin D levels (≥ 30 ng/ml) serving as controls. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Apo B, and FRS were evaluated at baseline and after six months. The Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) has retrospectively registered and approved the study under the identification number TCTR20250301003 on the 1st of March 2025. Results Vitamin D levels correlated significantly with age (p < 0.001), Apo B (p = 0.007), and FRS (p = 0.003) in the cross-sectional phase. After supplementation TC (p = 0.004) and FRS (p = 0.007) significantly decreased in the treatment group, with no significant changes in Apo B. Males only showed significant decrease in FRS and TC. Conclusion Vitamin D correction significantly decreased TC and FRS reinforcing its role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. However, Apo B levels remained unchanged, suggesting that vitamin D may not directly influence Apo B metabolism in the short term. These findings emphasize the importance of correcting severe vitamin D deficiency before calculating FRS due to its impact on lipid parameters. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ba953b6274d64f0da6e05566bc481727 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-ba953b6274d64f0da6e05566bc4817272025-08-24T11:06:53ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612025-07-0125111210.1186/s12872-025-04855-wThe correlation between serum vitamin D with Apo B and framingham risk score among a group of Iraqi subjects: a Cross-sectional and prospective pilot studyIsraa Nather Ahmed0Fatimatuzzahra’ Abd Aziz1Raid Dhia Hashim2Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaDiscipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaCollege of Pharmacy, Al-Farahidi UniversityAbstract Background Vitamin D may play a role in cardiovascular health, particularly in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. This study examines the correlation between serum vitamin D levels with Apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and evaluates the impact of correcting severe vitamin D deficiency on Apo B levels and FRS among a group of Iraqi population. Methods This two-phase study was conducted in Baghdad between November 2022 and October 2023 and included a cross-sectional phase examining the association between vitamin D, with Apo B, and the FRS, followed by a prospective phase assessing the impacts of vitamin D correction. A total of 201 participants were recruited, including 60 individuals with severe vitamin D deficiency (≤ 10 ng/ml) who received supplementation and 40 with sufficient vitamin D levels (≥ 30 ng/ml) serving as controls. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Apo B, and FRS were evaluated at baseline and after six months. The Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) has retrospectively registered and approved the study under the identification number TCTR20250301003 on the 1st of March 2025. Results Vitamin D levels correlated significantly with age (p < 0.001), Apo B (p = 0.007), and FRS (p = 0.003) in the cross-sectional phase. After supplementation TC (p = 0.004) and FRS (p = 0.007) significantly decreased in the treatment group, with no significant changes in Apo B. Males only showed significant decrease in FRS and TC. Conclusion Vitamin D correction significantly decreased TC and FRS reinforcing its role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. However, Apo B levels remained unchanged, suggesting that vitamin D may not directly influence Apo B metabolism in the short term. These findings emphasize the importance of correcting severe vitamin D deficiency before calculating FRS due to its impact on lipid parameters.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04855-wApolipoprotein BAtherosclerosisCardiovascular riskFramingham risk scoreLipid metabolismVitamin D |
| spellingShingle | Israa Nather Ahmed Fatimatuzzahra’ Abd Aziz Raid Dhia Hashim The correlation between serum vitamin D with Apo B and framingham risk score among a group of Iraqi subjects: a Cross-sectional and prospective pilot study BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Apolipoprotein B Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular risk Framingham risk score Lipid metabolism Vitamin D |
| title | The correlation between serum vitamin D with Apo B and framingham risk score among a group of Iraqi subjects: a Cross-sectional and prospective pilot study |
| title_full | The correlation between serum vitamin D with Apo B and framingham risk score among a group of Iraqi subjects: a Cross-sectional and prospective pilot study |
| title_fullStr | The correlation between serum vitamin D with Apo B and framingham risk score among a group of Iraqi subjects: a Cross-sectional and prospective pilot study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The correlation between serum vitamin D with Apo B and framingham risk score among a group of Iraqi subjects: a Cross-sectional and prospective pilot study |
| title_short | The correlation between serum vitamin D with Apo B and framingham risk score among a group of Iraqi subjects: a Cross-sectional and prospective pilot study |
| title_sort | correlation between serum vitamin d with apo b and framingham risk score among a group of iraqi subjects a cross sectional and prospective pilot study |
| topic | Apolipoprotein B Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular risk Framingham risk score Lipid metabolism Vitamin D |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04855-w |
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