Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: a population-based cohort study
Objective Environmental air pollution has been associated with disruption of the immune system at a molecular level. The primary aim of the present study was to describe the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of developing immune-mediated conditions.Methods We conducted...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2022-03-01
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| Series: | RMD Open |
| Online Access: | https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e002055.full |
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| author | Giovanni Adami Angelo Fassio Giovanni Orsolini Davide Gatti Maurizio Rossini Ombretta Viapiana Camilla Benini Elena Fracassi Giorgio Cattani Marco Pontalti Eugenia Bertoldo |
| author_facet | Giovanni Adami Angelo Fassio Giovanni Orsolini Davide Gatti Maurizio Rossini Ombretta Viapiana Camilla Benini Elena Fracassi Giorgio Cattani Marco Pontalti Eugenia Bertoldo |
| author_sort | Giovanni Adami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective Environmental air pollution has been associated with disruption of the immune system at a molecular level. The primary aim of the present study was to describe the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of developing immune-mediated conditions.Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study on a nationwide dataset of women and men. Diagnoses of various immune-mediated diseases (IMIDs) were retrieved. Data on the monitoring of particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5 concentrations were retrieved from the Italian Institute of Environmental Protection and Research. Generalised linear models were employed to determine the relationship between autoimmune diseases prevalence and PM.Results 81 363 subjects were included in the study. We found a positive association between PM10 and the risk of autoimmune diseases (ρ+0.007, p 0.014). Every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 concentration was associated with an incremental 7% risk of having autoimmune disease. Exposure to PM10 above 30 µg/m3 and PM2.5 above 20 µg/m3 was associated with a 12% and 13% higher risk of autoimmune disease, respectively (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.20, and aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.20). Exposure to PM10 was associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis; exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).Conclusion Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases, in particular rheumatoid arthritis, CTDs and IBD. Chronic exposure to levels above the threshold for human protection was associated with a 10% higher risk of developing IMIDs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ba8f8abe1294453ea13d88b286e37db1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2056-5933 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | RMD Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-ba8f8abe1294453ea13d88b286e37db12025-02-07T14:55:16ZengBMJ Publishing GroupRMD Open2056-59332022-03-018110.1136/rmdopen-2021-002055Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: a population-based cohort studyGiovanni Adami0Angelo Fassio1Giovanni Orsolini2Davide Gatti3Maurizio Rossini4Ombretta Viapiana5Camilla Benini6Elena Fracassi7Giorgio Cattani8Marco Pontalti9Eugenia Bertoldo101Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, ItalyUniversity of Verona, Verona, ItalyRheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, ItalyRheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, ItalyRheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy1 Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Universita degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy1University of Verona, Rheumatology Unit, Verona, Italy1University of Verona, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona, ItalyItalian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, ItalyRheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Universita degli Studi di Verona, Verona, ItalyObjective Environmental air pollution has been associated with disruption of the immune system at a molecular level. The primary aim of the present study was to describe the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of developing immune-mediated conditions.Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study on a nationwide dataset of women and men. Diagnoses of various immune-mediated diseases (IMIDs) were retrieved. Data on the monitoring of particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5 concentrations were retrieved from the Italian Institute of Environmental Protection and Research. Generalised linear models were employed to determine the relationship between autoimmune diseases prevalence and PM.Results 81 363 subjects were included in the study. We found a positive association between PM10 and the risk of autoimmune diseases (ρ+0.007, p 0.014). Every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 concentration was associated with an incremental 7% risk of having autoimmune disease. Exposure to PM10 above 30 µg/m3 and PM2.5 above 20 µg/m3 was associated with a 12% and 13% higher risk of autoimmune disease, respectively (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.20, and aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.20). Exposure to PM10 was associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis; exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).Conclusion Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases, in particular rheumatoid arthritis, CTDs and IBD. Chronic exposure to levels above the threshold for human protection was associated with a 10% higher risk of developing IMIDs.https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e002055.full |
| spellingShingle | Giovanni Adami Angelo Fassio Giovanni Orsolini Davide Gatti Maurizio Rossini Ombretta Viapiana Camilla Benini Elena Fracassi Giorgio Cattani Marco Pontalti Eugenia Bertoldo Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: a population-based cohort study RMD Open |
| title | Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: a population-based cohort study |
| title_full | Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: a population-based cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: a population-based cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: a population-based cohort study |
| title_short | Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: a population-based cohort study |
| title_sort | association between long term exposure to air pollution and immune mediated diseases a population based cohort study |
| url | https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e002055.full |
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