Regulatory Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Bone

E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are pivotal regulators of bone homeostasis, orchestrating osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and osteoclast activity by controlling protein degradation and stability. This review delineates the roles of key E3 ligases (e.g., Smurf1, Sm...

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Main Authors: Haotian He, Lifei Wang, Bao Xian, Yayi Xia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/679
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author Haotian He
Lifei Wang
Bao Xian
Yayi Xia
author_facet Haotian He
Lifei Wang
Bao Xian
Yayi Xia
author_sort Haotian He
collection DOAJ
description E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are pivotal regulators of bone homeostasis, orchestrating osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and osteoclast activity by controlling protein degradation and stability. This review delineates the roles of key E3 ligases (e.g., Smurf1, Smurf2, TRIM family) and DUBs (e.g., USP family) in bone formation and resorption. E3 ligases such as Smurf1/2 inhibit osteogenesis by degrading BMP/Smad signaling components, while TRIM proteins and HERC ligases promote osteoblast differentiation. Conversely, DUBs like USP2 and USP34 stabilize β-catenin and Smad1/RUNX2, enhancing osteogenic pathways, whereas USP10 and USP12 suppress differentiation. Dysregulation of these enzymes contributes to osteoporosis, fracture non-union, and other bone disorders. The interplay between ubiquitination and deubiquitination, alongside the regulatory role of miRNA and environmental factors, underscores their therapeutic potential. Future research should focus on developing therapies targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases, deubiquitinases, miRNA regulators, and small-molecule inhibitors to restore bone homeostasis in osteoporosis and fracture healing disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-ba7fa5174b644982bff4891c93b703e22025-08-20T03:47:53ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-05-0115567910.3390/biom15050679Regulatory Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in BoneHaotian He0Lifei Wang1Bao Xian2Yayi Xia3Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, ChinaE3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are pivotal regulators of bone homeostasis, orchestrating osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and osteoclast activity by controlling protein degradation and stability. This review delineates the roles of key E3 ligases (e.g., Smurf1, Smurf2, TRIM family) and DUBs (e.g., USP family) in bone formation and resorption. E3 ligases such as Smurf1/2 inhibit osteogenesis by degrading BMP/Smad signaling components, while TRIM proteins and HERC ligases promote osteoblast differentiation. Conversely, DUBs like USP2 and USP34 stabilize β-catenin and Smad1/RUNX2, enhancing osteogenic pathways, whereas USP10 and USP12 suppress differentiation. Dysregulation of these enzymes contributes to osteoporosis, fracture non-union, and other bone disorders. The interplay between ubiquitination and deubiquitination, alongside the regulatory role of miRNA and environmental factors, underscores their therapeutic potential. Future research should focus on developing therapies targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases, deubiquitinases, miRNA regulators, and small-molecule inhibitors to restore bone homeostasis in osteoporosis and fracture healing disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/679bone homeostasisE3 ubiquitin ligasesDUBsosteoblast differentiationubiquitination
spellingShingle Haotian He
Lifei Wang
Bao Xian
Yayi Xia
Regulatory Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Bone
Biomolecules
bone homeostasis
E3 ubiquitin ligases
DUBs
osteoblast differentiation
ubiquitination
title Regulatory Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Bone
title_full Regulatory Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Bone
title_fullStr Regulatory Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Bone
title_full_unstemmed Regulatory Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Bone
title_short Regulatory Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Bone
title_sort regulatory roles of e3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in bone
topic bone homeostasis
E3 ubiquitin ligases
DUBs
osteoblast differentiation
ubiquitination
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/679
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AT lifeiwang regulatoryrolesofe3ubiquitinligasesanddeubiquitinasesinbone
AT baoxian regulatoryrolesofe3ubiquitinligasesanddeubiquitinasesinbone
AT yayixia regulatoryrolesofe3ubiquitinligasesanddeubiquitinasesinbone