JAGB 2.0: Improved Constraints on the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch–based Hubble Constant from an Expanded Sample of JWST Observations
The J-region asymptotic giant branch (JAGB) is an overdensity of stars in the near-infrared, attributed to carbon-rich AGB stars, and recently used as a standard candle for measuring extragalactic distances and the Hubble constant. Using JWST in Cycle 2, we extend JAGB measurements to six hosts of n...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addd0c |
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| author | Siyang Li Adam G. Riess Daniel Scolnic Stefano Casertano Gagandeep S. Anand |
| author_facet | Siyang Li Adam G. Riess Daniel Scolnic Stefano Casertano Gagandeep S. Anand |
| author_sort | Siyang Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The J-region asymptotic giant branch (JAGB) is an overdensity of stars in the near-infrared, attributed to carbon-rich AGB stars, and recently used as a standard candle for measuring extragalactic distances and the Hubble constant. Using JWST in Cycle 2, we extend JAGB measurements to six hosts of nine Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia; NGC 2525, NGC 3147, NGC 3370, NGC 3447, NGC 5468, and NGC 5861), with two at D ∼ 40 Mpc, all calibrated by the maser host NGC 4258. We investigate the effects of incompleteness and are unable to recover a JAGB measurement for NGC 3147. We compile all JWST JAGB observations of SN Ia hosts, 15 galaxies hosting 18 SNe Ia, from the SH0ES and CCHP programs, and employ all literature measures. We find no significant mean difference between these distances and those from Hubble Space Telescope Cepheids, −0.03 ± 0.02 (stat.) ± 0.05 (sys.) mag. We find a difference of 0.11 ± 0.022 mag between JAGB mode measurements in the CCHP analyses of two fields in NGC 4258, a feature also seen in two SH0ES fields (see field-to-field variations in S. Li et al.), indicating significant variation of NGC 4258 JAGB measurements, which produce a large absolute calibration uncertainty. Variations are also seen in the shape of the JAGB luminosity function (LF) across galaxies so that different measures produce different values of the Hubble constant. We look for but do not (yet) find a standardizing relation between JAGB LF skew or color dependence and the apparent variation. Using the middle result of all JAGB measures to calibrate SNe Ia yields a Hubble constant of H _0 = 73.3 ± 1.4 (stat.) ± 2.0 (sys.) km s ^−1 Mpc ^−1 with the systematic dominated by apparent differences across the NGC 4258 calibrating fields or their measures. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-ba765a623b484b29a5cd2901ae60de1a2025-08-20T02:40:26ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198819710.3847/1538-4357/addd0cJAGB 2.0: Improved Constraints on the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch–based Hubble Constant from an Expanded Sample of JWST ObservationsSiyang Li0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-1082Adam G. Riess1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6124-1196Daniel Scolnic2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-5849Stefano Casertano3Gagandeep S. Anand4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-2314Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; sli185@jh.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; sli185@jh.edu; Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Physics, Duke University , Durham, NC 27708, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAThe J-region asymptotic giant branch (JAGB) is an overdensity of stars in the near-infrared, attributed to carbon-rich AGB stars, and recently used as a standard candle for measuring extragalactic distances and the Hubble constant. Using JWST in Cycle 2, we extend JAGB measurements to six hosts of nine Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia; NGC 2525, NGC 3147, NGC 3370, NGC 3447, NGC 5468, and NGC 5861), with two at D ∼ 40 Mpc, all calibrated by the maser host NGC 4258. We investigate the effects of incompleteness and are unable to recover a JAGB measurement for NGC 3147. We compile all JWST JAGB observations of SN Ia hosts, 15 galaxies hosting 18 SNe Ia, from the SH0ES and CCHP programs, and employ all literature measures. We find no significant mean difference between these distances and those from Hubble Space Telescope Cepheids, −0.03 ± 0.02 (stat.) ± 0.05 (sys.) mag. We find a difference of 0.11 ± 0.022 mag between JAGB mode measurements in the CCHP analyses of two fields in NGC 4258, a feature also seen in two SH0ES fields (see field-to-field variations in S. Li et al.), indicating significant variation of NGC 4258 JAGB measurements, which produce a large absolute calibration uncertainty. Variations are also seen in the shape of the JAGB luminosity function (LF) across galaxies so that different measures produce different values of the Hubble constant. We look for but do not (yet) find a standardizing relation between JAGB LF skew or color dependence and the apparent variation. Using the middle result of all JAGB measures to calibrate SNe Ia yields a Hubble constant of H _0 = 73.3 ± 1.4 (stat.) ± 2.0 (sys.) km s ^−1 Mpc ^−1 with the systematic dominated by apparent differences across the NGC 4258 calibrating fields or their measures.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addd0cHubble constantObservational cosmologyStandard candlesAsymptotic giant branch starsDistance indicatorsStellar distance |
| spellingShingle | Siyang Li Adam G. Riess Daniel Scolnic Stefano Casertano Gagandeep S. Anand JAGB 2.0: Improved Constraints on the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch–based Hubble Constant from an Expanded Sample of JWST Observations The Astrophysical Journal Hubble constant Observational cosmology Standard candles Asymptotic giant branch stars Distance indicators Stellar distance |
| title | JAGB 2.0: Improved Constraints on the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch–based Hubble Constant from an Expanded Sample of JWST Observations |
| title_full | JAGB 2.0: Improved Constraints on the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch–based Hubble Constant from an Expanded Sample of JWST Observations |
| title_fullStr | JAGB 2.0: Improved Constraints on the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch–based Hubble Constant from an Expanded Sample of JWST Observations |
| title_full_unstemmed | JAGB 2.0: Improved Constraints on the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch–based Hubble Constant from an Expanded Sample of JWST Observations |
| title_short | JAGB 2.0: Improved Constraints on the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch–based Hubble Constant from an Expanded Sample of JWST Observations |
| title_sort | jagb 2 0 improved constraints on the j region asymptotic giant branch based hubble constant from an expanded sample of jwst observations |
| topic | Hubble constant Observational cosmology Standard candles Asymptotic giant branch stars Distance indicators Stellar distance |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addd0c |
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