Organic Materials Promote Soil Phosphorus Cycling: Metagenomic Analysis
The combined application of chemical fertilizers with organic materials contributes to higher contents of bioavailable phosphorus. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. A field experiment including four treatments, chemical fertilizer (CF), chemical fertilizer with biochar (CB...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Wei Yang Yue Jiang Jiaqi Zhang Wei Wang Xuesheng Liu Yu Jin Sha Li Juanjuan Qu Yuanchen Zhu |
| author_facet | Wei Yang Yue Jiang Jiaqi Zhang Wei Wang Xuesheng Liu Yu Jin Sha Li Juanjuan Qu Yuanchen Zhu |
| author_sort | Wei Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The combined application of chemical fertilizers with organic materials contributes to higher contents of bioavailable phosphorus. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. A field experiment including four treatments, chemical fertilizer (CF), chemical fertilizer with biochar (CB), chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (CO), and chemical fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer (CBO), was conducted to explore how the combination of fertilizer applications enhanced soil phosphorus bioavailability using metagenomic sequencing technology. The results showed that chemical fertilizers combined with organic materials (CB, CO, and CBO) significantly increased citrate-extractable phosphorus by 34.61–138.92% and hydrochloric acid-extractable phosphorus contents by 72.85–131.07% compared to CF. In addition, the combined applications altered the microbial community structure and increased the abundance of <i>phoR</i>, <i>spoT</i>, and <i>ppnK</i> genes, but decreased those of <i>gcd</i>, <i>phoD</i>, and <i>ppk1</i> genes. A partial least squares path model indicated that the combined applications regulated the microbial community composition and gene abundance of phosphorus-cycling microorganisms by influencing soil physicochemical properties, thereby enhancing soil phosphorus cycling. Correlation analysis indicated that pH, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus were the key factors influencing microbial communities, while available nitrogen and total nitrogen primarily regulated phosphorus cycling gene abundance. In addition, the CO and CBO treatments significantly increased maize yield by 14.60% and 21.04%, respectively. Overall, CBO most effectively enhanced bioavailable phosphorus content and maize yield. This study provides a foundation for developing rational fertilization strategies and improving soil phosphorus use efficiency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ba3742fac716447cb9964e9404aebe5d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-ba3742fac716447cb9964e9404aebe5d2025-08-20T03:13:39ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-07-01157169310.3390/agronomy15071693Organic Materials Promote Soil Phosphorus Cycling: Metagenomic AnalysisWei Yang0Yue Jiang1Jiaqi Zhang2Wei Wang3Xuesheng Liu4Yu Jin5Sha Li6Juanjuan Qu7Yuanchen Zhu8School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaNortheast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, ChinaThe combined application of chemical fertilizers with organic materials contributes to higher contents of bioavailable phosphorus. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. A field experiment including four treatments, chemical fertilizer (CF), chemical fertilizer with biochar (CB), chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (CO), and chemical fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer (CBO), was conducted to explore how the combination of fertilizer applications enhanced soil phosphorus bioavailability using metagenomic sequencing technology. The results showed that chemical fertilizers combined with organic materials (CB, CO, and CBO) significantly increased citrate-extractable phosphorus by 34.61–138.92% and hydrochloric acid-extractable phosphorus contents by 72.85–131.07% compared to CF. In addition, the combined applications altered the microbial community structure and increased the abundance of <i>phoR</i>, <i>spoT</i>, and <i>ppnK</i> genes, but decreased those of <i>gcd</i>, <i>phoD</i>, and <i>ppk1</i> genes. A partial least squares path model indicated that the combined applications regulated the microbial community composition and gene abundance of phosphorus-cycling microorganisms by influencing soil physicochemical properties, thereby enhancing soil phosphorus cycling. Correlation analysis indicated that pH, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus were the key factors influencing microbial communities, while available nitrogen and total nitrogen primarily regulated phosphorus cycling gene abundance. In addition, the CO and CBO treatments significantly increased maize yield by 14.60% and 21.04%, respectively. Overall, CBO most effectively enhanced bioavailable phosphorus content and maize yield. This study provides a foundation for developing rational fertilization strategies and improving soil phosphorus use efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1693organic materialsbioavailable phosphorusmetagenomics sequencingphosphorus cycling genes |
| spellingShingle | Wei Yang Yue Jiang Jiaqi Zhang Wei Wang Xuesheng Liu Yu Jin Sha Li Juanjuan Qu Yuanchen Zhu Organic Materials Promote Soil Phosphorus Cycling: Metagenomic Analysis Agronomy organic materials bioavailable phosphorus metagenomics sequencing phosphorus cycling genes |
| title | Organic Materials Promote Soil Phosphorus Cycling: Metagenomic Analysis |
| title_full | Organic Materials Promote Soil Phosphorus Cycling: Metagenomic Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Organic Materials Promote Soil Phosphorus Cycling: Metagenomic Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Organic Materials Promote Soil Phosphorus Cycling: Metagenomic Analysis |
| title_short | Organic Materials Promote Soil Phosphorus Cycling: Metagenomic Analysis |
| title_sort | organic materials promote soil phosphorus cycling metagenomic analysis |
| topic | organic materials bioavailable phosphorus metagenomics sequencing phosphorus cycling genes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1693 |
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