Nationwide analysis of sex differences in waiting times for cataract surgery in Sweden between 2010 and 2022

Abstract Background Sex-based disparities in healthcare access remain a global challenge. We aimed to investigate differences in waiting times for cataract surgery between males and females in Sweden, hypothesizing that such disparities might persist even within a universal healthcare system. Method...

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Main Authors: Philip Jute, Gustav Stålhammar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Communications Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00782-1
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author Philip Jute
Gustav Stålhammar
author_facet Philip Jute
Gustav Stålhammar
author_sort Philip Jute
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Sex-based disparities in healthcare access remain a global challenge. We aimed to investigate differences in waiting times for cataract surgery between males and females in Sweden, hypothesizing that such disparities might persist even within a universal healthcare system. Methods We performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study using data from the Swedish National Cataract Register, which includes over 93% of all cataract surgeries. A total of 1,413,652 patients over 40 years of age who underwent cataract surgery between 2010 and 2022 were included. Exclusions were applied to those with waiting times exceeding 24 months and those residing outside Sweden. The primary outcome was waiting time between preoperative assessment and surgery, stratified by visual acuity, region, and demographic and clinical factors. Results Here we show a mean waiting time of 64 days (standard deviation 126) for females and 60 days (standard deviation 102) for males (P < 0.001). This difference persists across all visual acuity strata and regions. A linear mixed-effects model with region as a random intercept indicates that males have a 3.3-day shorter waiting time compared to females (P < 0.001). Multivariate hazards regression identifies female sex, older age, specific comorbidities, and region of residence as significant predictors of longer waiting times. Although overall waiting times decrease over the study period, the sex-based gap remains consistent. Conclusions We observe a persistent, albeit small, difference in waiting times favoring males. These findings highlight a systemic disparity that warrants further investigation and targeted interventions to ensure equitable access to cataract care.
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spelling doaj-art-ba230c0d70cd469d9aae844bf53e796b2025-08-20T03:05:48ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Medicine2730-664X2025-03-01511810.1038/s43856-025-00782-1Nationwide analysis of sex differences in waiting times for cataract surgery in Sweden between 2010 and 2022Philip Jute0Gustav Stålhammar1St. Erik Eye HospitalSt. Erik Eye HospitalAbstract Background Sex-based disparities in healthcare access remain a global challenge. We aimed to investigate differences in waiting times for cataract surgery between males and females in Sweden, hypothesizing that such disparities might persist even within a universal healthcare system. Methods We performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study using data from the Swedish National Cataract Register, which includes over 93% of all cataract surgeries. A total of 1,413,652 patients over 40 years of age who underwent cataract surgery between 2010 and 2022 were included. Exclusions were applied to those with waiting times exceeding 24 months and those residing outside Sweden. The primary outcome was waiting time between preoperative assessment and surgery, stratified by visual acuity, region, and demographic and clinical factors. Results Here we show a mean waiting time of 64 days (standard deviation 126) for females and 60 days (standard deviation 102) for males (P < 0.001). This difference persists across all visual acuity strata and regions. A linear mixed-effects model with region as a random intercept indicates that males have a 3.3-day shorter waiting time compared to females (P < 0.001). Multivariate hazards regression identifies female sex, older age, specific comorbidities, and region of residence as significant predictors of longer waiting times. Although overall waiting times decrease over the study period, the sex-based gap remains consistent. Conclusions We observe a persistent, albeit small, difference in waiting times favoring males. These findings highlight a systemic disparity that warrants further investigation and targeted interventions to ensure equitable access to cataract care.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00782-1
spellingShingle Philip Jute
Gustav Stålhammar
Nationwide analysis of sex differences in waiting times for cataract surgery in Sweden between 2010 and 2022
Communications Medicine
title Nationwide analysis of sex differences in waiting times for cataract surgery in Sweden between 2010 and 2022
title_full Nationwide analysis of sex differences in waiting times for cataract surgery in Sweden between 2010 and 2022
title_fullStr Nationwide analysis of sex differences in waiting times for cataract surgery in Sweden between 2010 and 2022
title_full_unstemmed Nationwide analysis of sex differences in waiting times for cataract surgery in Sweden between 2010 and 2022
title_short Nationwide analysis of sex differences in waiting times for cataract surgery in Sweden between 2010 and 2022
title_sort nationwide analysis of sex differences in waiting times for cataract surgery in sweden between 2010 and 2022
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00782-1
work_keys_str_mv AT philipjute nationwideanalysisofsexdifferencesinwaitingtimesforcataractsurgeryinswedenbetween2010and2022
AT gustavstalhammar nationwideanalysisofsexdifferencesinwaitingtimesforcataractsurgeryinswedenbetween2010and2022