Physiological and Multi-Omics Analysis in Leaves of <i>Solanum americanum</i> in Response to Cd Toxicity

Phytoremediation is a green economic method to address soil cadmium (Cd) pollution, and <i>Solanum americanum</i> is considered a potential phytoremediation candidate. However, the underlying Cd response mechanisms of <i>S. americanum</i> remain unclear. In the current study,...

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Main Authors: Jiao Zhou, Jun-Gang Zhu, Peng Xiao, Kai-Lu Wang, Qian Xu, Meng-Xi Wu, Yuan-Zhi Pan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/14/2131
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author Jiao Zhou
Jun-Gang Zhu
Peng Xiao
Kai-Lu Wang
Qian Xu
Meng-Xi Wu
Yuan-Zhi Pan
author_facet Jiao Zhou
Jun-Gang Zhu
Peng Xiao
Kai-Lu Wang
Qian Xu
Meng-Xi Wu
Yuan-Zhi Pan
author_sort Jiao Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Phytoremediation is a green economic method to address soil cadmium (Cd) pollution, and <i>Solanum americanum</i> is considered a potential phytoremediation candidate. However, the underlying Cd response mechanisms of <i>S. americanum</i> remain unclear. In the current study, a hydroponic experiment with 160 μmol/L Cd stress was conducted, physiological and molecular indices were measured to explore the response of <i>S. americanum</i> leaves to Cd stress at different time points (0, 3, and 7 days). Our findings revealed that Cd stress inhibited plant growth. Moreover, Cd stress significantly increased Cd accumulation, as well as Chla content, Chla/b, activities of SOD and POD, and elevated MDA content in the leaves. Furthermore, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses revealed 17,413 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 1421 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and 229 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). Meanwhile, integrative analyses of multi-omics data revealed key proteins involved in response to Cd stress, including POD, PAL, F5H, COMT, and CAD for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, as well as GAPA, FBP, and FBA for photosynthesis pathways. Additionally, conjoint analyses highlighted that upregulated phenylpropanoid metabolism and photosynthesis alleviated Cd toxicity, playing vital roles in enhancing Cd tolerance in leaves. A conceptual molecular regulatory network of leaves in the response to Cd toxicity was proposed. This comprehensive study will provide detailed molecular-scale insights into the Cd response mechanisms in <i>S. americanum</i>.
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spelling doaj-art-ba18bae1bfcd43578eda9bd154e96f6e2025-08-20T03:32:27ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-07-011414213110.3390/plants14142131Physiological and Multi-Omics Analysis in Leaves of <i>Solanum americanum</i> in Response to Cd ToxicityJiao Zhou0Jun-Gang Zhu1Peng Xiao2Kai-Lu Wang3Qian Xu4Meng-Xi Wu5Yuan-Zhi Pan6College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture and Planning, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaPhytoremediation is a green economic method to address soil cadmium (Cd) pollution, and <i>Solanum americanum</i> is considered a potential phytoremediation candidate. However, the underlying Cd response mechanisms of <i>S. americanum</i> remain unclear. In the current study, a hydroponic experiment with 160 μmol/L Cd stress was conducted, physiological and molecular indices were measured to explore the response of <i>S. americanum</i> leaves to Cd stress at different time points (0, 3, and 7 days). Our findings revealed that Cd stress inhibited plant growth. Moreover, Cd stress significantly increased Cd accumulation, as well as Chla content, Chla/b, activities of SOD and POD, and elevated MDA content in the leaves. Furthermore, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses revealed 17,413 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 1421 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and 229 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). Meanwhile, integrative analyses of multi-omics data revealed key proteins involved in response to Cd stress, including POD, PAL, F5H, COMT, and CAD for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, as well as GAPA, FBP, and FBA for photosynthesis pathways. Additionally, conjoint analyses highlighted that upregulated phenylpropanoid metabolism and photosynthesis alleviated Cd toxicity, playing vital roles in enhancing Cd tolerance in leaves. A conceptual molecular regulatory network of leaves in the response to Cd toxicity was proposed. This comprehensive study will provide detailed molecular-scale insights into the Cd response mechanisms in <i>S. americanum</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/14/2131transcriptomicproteomicmetabolomicsCd stressleaf<i>Solanum americanum</i>
spellingShingle Jiao Zhou
Jun-Gang Zhu
Peng Xiao
Kai-Lu Wang
Qian Xu
Meng-Xi Wu
Yuan-Zhi Pan
Physiological and Multi-Omics Analysis in Leaves of <i>Solanum americanum</i> in Response to Cd Toxicity
Plants
transcriptomic
proteomic
metabolomics
Cd stress
leaf
<i>Solanum americanum</i>
title Physiological and Multi-Omics Analysis in Leaves of <i>Solanum americanum</i> in Response to Cd Toxicity
title_full Physiological and Multi-Omics Analysis in Leaves of <i>Solanum americanum</i> in Response to Cd Toxicity
title_fullStr Physiological and Multi-Omics Analysis in Leaves of <i>Solanum americanum</i> in Response to Cd Toxicity
title_full_unstemmed Physiological and Multi-Omics Analysis in Leaves of <i>Solanum americanum</i> in Response to Cd Toxicity
title_short Physiological and Multi-Omics Analysis in Leaves of <i>Solanum americanum</i> in Response to Cd Toxicity
title_sort physiological and multi omics analysis in leaves of i solanum americanum i in response to cd toxicity
topic transcriptomic
proteomic
metabolomics
Cd stress
leaf
<i>Solanum americanum</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/14/2131
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AT kailuwang physiologicalandmultiomicsanalysisinleavesofisolanumamericanumiinresponsetocdtoxicity
AT qianxu physiologicalandmultiomicsanalysisinleavesofisolanumamericanumiinresponsetocdtoxicity
AT mengxiwu physiologicalandmultiomicsanalysisinleavesofisolanumamericanumiinresponsetocdtoxicity
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