Walking reduces the risk of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal follow-up study

Background: Physical activity, particularly regular aerobic exercise, is effective in preventing dementia. However, such activities are less feasible for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) or other motor dysfunctions. Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether the minimal amount of exerc...

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Main Authors: Cheng-Yu Wei, Ray-Chang Tzeng, Hsu-Chih Tai, Chun-Hsien Su, Pai-Yi Chiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-04-01
Series:Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864251330251
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author Cheng-Yu Wei
Ray-Chang Tzeng
Hsu-Chih Tai
Chun-Hsien Su
Pai-Yi Chiu
author_facet Cheng-Yu Wei
Ray-Chang Tzeng
Hsu-Chih Tai
Chun-Hsien Su
Pai-Yi Chiu
author_sort Cheng-Yu Wei
collection DOAJ
description Background: Physical activity, particularly regular aerobic exercise, is effective in preventing dementia. However, such activities are less feasible for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) or other motor dysfunctions. Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether the minimal amount of exercise (MAE) through walking, which is practical for individuals with motor dysfunction, can reduce the risk of dementia in patients with PD. Design: For this retrospective longitudinal study, we enrolled 470 patients with PD without dementia from 3 centers in Taiwan. Methods: In total, 187 (39.8%) subsequently developed dementia, whereas 283 (60.2%) did not; the mean follow-up periods for these cohorts were 3.1 (range 0.3–6.1) and 2.4 (range 0.3–6.0) years, respectively. MAE was defined as walking approximately 1500–3000 steps or for 15–30 min. The patients were further stratified by the weekly frequency of MAE into MAE-no (frequency: 0), MAE-weekly (frequency: 1 or 2), and MAE-daily (frequency: ⩾3) groups, respectively. The incidence rates of dementia were compared among the three groups. Cox proportional-hazards analyses were performed to measure the effect of MAE on the incidence of dementia. The statistical model was adjusted for age, sex, education level, cognition level, activities of daily living, neuropsychiatric symptoms, vascular risk factors, and relevant medications. Results: The MAE-weekly and MAE-daily groups were 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41–1.17) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.41–0.84) times, respectively, less likely to develop dementia than the MAE-no group. When the MAE-weekly and MAE-daily groups were combined, the hazard ratio for dementia was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.45–0.85). Cox regression revealed that older age, female sex, atrial fibrillation, antidiabetic drug use, and poor daily function were associated with an increased incidence of dementia. Conclusion: MAE may help prevent dementia in patients with PD. This finding highlights the benefits of walking for patients with PD and, potentially, older adults with motor dysfunction due to various disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-ba0925a86dcc4ad2a24f014c027674d82025-08-20T02:29:38ZengSAGE PublishingTherapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders1756-28642025-04-011810.1177/17562864251330251Walking reduces the risk of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal follow-up studyCheng-Yu WeiRay-Chang TzengHsu-Chih TaiChun-Hsien SuPai-Yi ChiuBackground: Physical activity, particularly regular aerobic exercise, is effective in preventing dementia. However, such activities are less feasible for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) or other motor dysfunctions. Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether the minimal amount of exercise (MAE) through walking, which is practical for individuals with motor dysfunction, can reduce the risk of dementia in patients with PD. Design: For this retrospective longitudinal study, we enrolled 470 patients with PD without dementia from 3 centers in Taiwan. Methods: In total, 187 (39.8%) subsequently developed dementia, whereas 283 (60.2%) did not; the mean follow-up periods for these cohorts were 3.1 (range 0.3–6.1) and 2.4 (range 0.3–6.0) years, respectively. MAE was defined as walking approximately 1500–3000 steps or for 15–30 min. The patients were further stratified by the weekly frequency of MAE into MAE-no (frequency: 0), MAE-weekly (frequency: 1 or 2), and MAE-daily (frequency: ⩾3) groups, respectively. The incidence rates of dementia were compared among the three groups. Cox proportional-hazards analyses were performed to measure the effect of MAE on the incidence of dementia. The statistical model was adjusted for age, sex, education level, cognition level, activities of daily living, neuropsychiatric symptoms, vascular risk factors, and relevant medications. Results: The MAE-weekly and MAE-daily groups were 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41–1.17) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.41–0.84) times, respectively, less likely to develop dementia than the MAE-no group. When the MAE-weekly and MAE-daily groups were combined, the hazard ratio for dementia was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.45–0.85). Cox regression revealed that older age, female sex, atrial fibrillation, antidiabetic drug use, and poor daily function were associated with an increased incidence of dementia. Conclusion: MAE may help prevent dementia in patients with PD. This finding highlights the benefits of walking for patients with PD and, potentially, older adults with motor dysfunction due to various disorders.https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864251330251
spellingShingle Cheng-Yu Wei
Ray-Chang Tzeng
Hsu-Chih Tai
Chun-Hsien Su
Pai-Yi Chiu
Walking reduces the risk of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal follow-up study
Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
title Walking reduces the risk of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal follow-up study
title_full Walking reduces the risk of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal follow-up study
title_fullStr Walking reduces the risk of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal follow-up study
title_full_unstemmed Walking reduces the risk of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal follow-up study
title_short Walking reduces the risk of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal follow-up study
title_sort walking reduces the risk of dementia in patients with parkinson s disease a longitudinal follow up study
url https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864251330251
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