Multi-Camera Hierarchical Calibration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method for Bulk Material Transportation System

Three-dimensional information acquisition is crucial for the intelligent control and safe operation of bulk material transportation systems. However, existing visual measurement methods face challenges, including difficult stereo matching due to indistinct surface features, error accumulation in mul...

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Main Authors: Chengcheng Hou, Yongfei Kang, Tiezhu Qiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2111
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author Chengcheng Hou
Yongfei Kang
Tiezhu Qiao
author_facet Chengcheng Hou
Yongfei Kang
Tiezhu Qiao
author_sort Chengcheng Hou
collection DOAJ
description Three-dimensional information acquisition is crucial for the intelligent control and safe operation of bulk material transportation systems. However, existing visual measurement methods face challenges, including difficult stereo matching due to indistinct surface features, error accumulation in multi-camera calibration, and unreliable depth information fusion. This paper proposes a three-dimensional reconstruction method based on multi-camera hierarchical calibration. The method establishes a measurement framework centered on a core camera, enhances material surface features through speckle structured light projection, and implements a ‘monocular-binocular-multi-camera association’ calibration strategy with global optimization to reduce error accumulation. Additionally, a depth information fusion algorithm based on multi-epipolar geometric constraints improves reconstruction completeness through multi-view information integration. Experimental results demonstrate excellent precision with absolute errors within 1 mm for features as small as 15 mm and relative errors between 0.02% and 2.54%. Compared with existing methods, the proposed approach shows advantages in point cloud completeness, reconstruction accuracy, and environmental adaptability, providing reliable technical support for intelligent monitoring of bulk material transportation systems.
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spelling doaj-art-b9ff349c30db4bb6a3a4423d47c2a45c2025-08-20T02:09:11ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-03-01257211110.3390/s25072111Multi-Camera Hierarchical Calibration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method for Bulk Material Transportation SystemChengcheng Hou0Yongfei Kang1Tiezhu Qiao2College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaChina Energy Baotou Energy Co., Ltd., Baotou 014000, ChinaCollege of Integrated Circuits, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaThree-dimensional information acquisition is crucial for the intelligent control and safe operation of bulk material transportation systems. However, existing visual measurement methods face challenges, including difficult stereo matching due to indistinct surface features, error accumulation in multi-camera calibration, and unreliable depth information fusion. This paper proposes a three-dimensional reconstruction method based on multi-camera hierarchical calibration. The method establishes a measurement framework centered on a core camera, enhances material surface features through speckle structured light projection, and implements a ‘monocular-binocular-multi-camera association’ calibration strategy with global optimization to reduce error accumulation. Additionally, a depth information fusion algorithm based on multi-epipolar geometric constraints improves reconstruction completeness through multi-view information integration. Experimental results demonstrate excellent precision with absolute errors within 1 mm for features as small as 15 mm and relative errors between 0.02% and 2.54%. Compared with existing methods, the proposed approach shows advantages in point cloud completeness, reconstruction accuracy, and environmental adaptability, providing reliable technical support for intelligent monitoring of bulk material transportation systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2111bulk materialmulti-camera systemhierarchical calibrationthree-dimensional reconstructionspeckle structured light
spellingShingle Chengcheng Hou
Yongfei Kang
Tiezhu Qiao
Multi-Camera Hierarchical Calibration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method for Bulk Material Transportation System
Sensors
bulk material
multi-camera system
hierarchical calibration
three-dimensional reconstruction
speckle structured light
title Multi-Camera Hierarchical Calibration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method for Bulk Material Transportation System
title_full Multi-Camera Hierarchical Calibration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method for Bulk Material Transportation System
title_fullStr Multi-Camera Hierarchical Calibration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method for Bulk Material Transportation System
title_full_unstemmed Multi-Camera Hierarchical Calibration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method for Bulk Material Transportation System
title_short Multi-Camera Hierarchical Calibration and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method for Bulk Material Transportation System
title_sort multi camera hierarchical calibration and three dimensional reconstruction method for bulk material transportation system
topic bulk material
multi-camera system
hierarchical calibration
three-dimensional reconstruction
speckle structured light
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2111
work_keys_str_mv AT chengchenghou multicamerahierarchicalcalibrationandthreedimensionalreconstructionmethodforbulkmaterialtransportationsystem
AT yongfeikang multicamerahierarchicalcalibrationandthreedimensionalreconstructionmethodforbulkmaterialtransportationsystem
AT tiezhuqiao multicamerahierarchicalcalibrationandthreedimensionalreconstructionmethodforbulkmaterialtransportationsystem