Developing a data‐transfer model for a novel Wildlife‐tracking network

Abstract The use of low‐cost, advanced global positioning system (GPS) telemetry devices for wildlife tracking is growing in popularity, especially use of systems that can communicate with each other to track contacts or transfer data. We evaluated the communication and data‐transfer capabilities of...

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Main Authors: Melanie J. Davis, Sravan Thokala, Xinyu Xing, N. Thompson Hobbs, Daniel P. Walsh, Richard Y. Han, Shivakaht Mishra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2012-12-01
Series:Wildlife Society Bulletin
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.188
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author Melanie J. Davis
Sravan Thokala
Xinyu Xing
N. Thompson Hobbs
Daniel P. Walsh
Richard Y. Han
Shivakaht Mishra
author_facet Melanie J. Davis
Sravan Thokala
Xinyu Xing
N. Thompson Hobbs
Daniel P. Walsh
Richard Y. Han
Shivakaht Mishra
author_sort Melanie J. Davis
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The use of low‐cost, advanced global positioning system (GPS) telemetry devices for wildlife tracking is growing in popularity, especially use of systems that can communicate with each other to track contacts or transfer data. We evaluated the communication and data‐transfer capabilities of a low‐cost, custom‐built GPS telemetry system with an on‐board wireless sensor network using human subjects and captive bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) as an experimental model. We conducted tests in July 2010, at 2 facilities in Colorado, USA. Wireless sensor networks use a collection of nodes to ferry data from one destination to another. We tested data‐transfer capabilities at several transmission strengths (−25 decibel‐milliwatts (dBm), −15 dBm, −10 dBm, −5 dBm, and 0 dBm) and with several types of bodily obstruction (unobstructed, human, bighorn sheep). Under conditions of high transmission strength and low obstruction, a log‐logistic decay curve was the best model for data‐transfer success. Contrastingly, under conditions of low transmission strength and high obstruction, data transfer was noisier, and was best represented by a linear model. Obstruction resulting from the placement of the collar in relation to the subject's body adversely affected the communication abilities of our system, with bighorn sheep lowering baseline data‐transfer success to <50% at low transmission strengths. Obstruction also affected the distance of data transfer for each transmission strength, but bighorn sheep had less of an impact than did humans. Wireless sensor node manufacturers recommend an optimum communications distance for each possible transmission strength, but we suggest that managers calibrate the communications systems of their in‐house‐constructed GPS telemetry systems, preferably by using the target animal subject, in order to optimize operation in field conditions. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
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spelling doaj-art-b9e6861eb3a740ca8649ec41dbc58a1e2025-08-20T02:49:19ZengWileyWildlife Society Bulletin2328-55402012-12-0136482082710.1002/wsb.188Developing a data‐transfer model for a novel Wildlife‐tracking networkMelanie J. Davis0Sravan Thokala1Xinyu Xing2N. Thompson Hobbs3Daniel P. Walsh4Richard Y. Han5Shivakaht Mishra6Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USANatural Resource Ecology Laboratory, and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAColorado Division of Wildlife, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USAAbstract The use of low‐cost, advanced global positioning system (GPS) telemetry devices for wildlife tracking is growing in popularity, especially use of systems that can communicate with each other to track contacts or transfer data. We evaluated the communication and data‐transfer capabilities of a low‐cost, custom‐built GPS telemetry system with an on‐board wireless sensor network using human subjects and captive bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) as an experimental model. We conducted tests in July 2010, at 2 facilities in Colorado, USA. Wireless sensor networks use a collection of nodes to ferry data from one destination to another. We tested data‐transfer capabilities at several transmission strengths (−25 decibel‐milliwatts (dBm), −15 dBm, −10 dBm, −5 dBm, and 0 dBm) and with several types of bodily obstruction (unobstructed, human, bighorn sheep). Under conditions of high transmission strength and low obstruction, a log‐logistic decay curve was the best model for data‐transfer success. Contrastingly, under conditions of low transmission strength and high obstruction, data transfer was noisier, and was best represented by a linear model. Obstruction resulting from the placement of the collar in relation to the subject's body adversely affected the communication abilities of our system, with bighorn sheep lowering baseline data‐transfer success to <50% at low transmission strengths. Obstruction also affected the distance of data transfer for each transmission strength, but bighorn sheep had less of an impact than did humans. Wireless sensor node manufacturers recommend an optimum communications distance for each possible transmission strength, but we suggest that managers calibrate the communications systems of their in‐house‐constructed GPS telemetry systems, preferably by using the target animal subject, in order to optimize operation in field conditions. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.188bighorn sheepcontact loggingdata transferglobal positioning system telemetrymaximum‐likelihood estimationOvis canadensis
spellingShingle Melanie J. Davis
Sravan Thokala
Xinyu Xing
N. Thompson Hobbs
Daniel P. Walsh
Richard Y. Han
Shivakaht Mishra
Developing a data‐transfer model for a novel Wildlife‐tracking network
Wildlife Society Bulletin
bighorn sheep
contact logging
data transfer
global positioning system telemetry
maximum‐likelihood estimation
Ovis canadensis
title Developing a data‐transfer model for a novel Wildlife‐tracking network
title_full Developing a data‐transfer model for a novel Wildlife‐tracking network
title_fullStr Developing a data‐transfer model for a novel Wildlife‐tracking network
title_full_unstemmed Developing a data‐transfer model for a novel Wildlife‐tracking network
title_short Developing a data‐transfer model for a novel Wildlife‐tracking network
title_sort developing a data transfer model for a novel wildlife tracking network
topic bighorn sheep
contact logging
data transfer
global positioning system telemetry
maximum‐likelihood estimation
Ovis canadensis
url https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.188
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