Correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: a cross-sectional study in Sindh province of Pakistan

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding in highly disadvantaged districts in Pakistan.Design This cross-sectional study design.Settings This study was carried out in twelve districts of the Sin...

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Main Authors: Ramesh Kumar, Shaukat Ali, Rafi Amir-ud-Din, Sathirakorn Pongpanich, Muhammad Asim, Jamil Ahmed, Fozia Rashid, Shahzad Ali Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2023-02-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/2/e069902.full
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author Ramesh Kumar
Shaukat Ali
Rafi Amir-ud-Din
Sathirakorn Pongpanich
Muhammad Asim
Jamil Ahmed
Fozia Rashid
Shahzad Ali Khan
author_facet Ramesh Kumar
Shaukat Ali
Rafi Amir-ud-Din
Sathirakorn Pongpanich
Muhammad Asim
Jamil Ahmed
Fozia Rashid
Shahzad Ali Khan
author_sort Ramesh Kumar
collection DOAJ
description Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding in highly disadvantaged districts in Pakistan.Design This cross-sectional study design.Settings This study was carried out in twelve districts of the Sindh province of Pakistan.Participants A total of 4800 mothers with children under 2 years, selected through a multistage random sampling method.Data analysis Bivariate association, survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard techniques), multivariate linear regression and the ordinary least square model were used.Results The results show that the prevalence of early initiation of breast feeding was 68% and prelacteal feeding was 32%. Adequate treatment, proper guidance at antenatal care visits, postpartum health check, normal birth with skilled birth attendants, institutional birth, skin-to-skin contact at birth and birth size were all associated with early breastfeeding initiation (p<0.001). The odds of early initiation of breast feeding after birth are higher if the respondents received proper guidance (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.02 to 4.11) or made skin-to-skin contact (OR 10.65; 95% CI 6.82 to 16.65). Bivariate association between the prelacteal feeding and a set of correlates suggests that all variables under study were significantly associated with the outcome variable of interest at a 95% or higher significance level. The factors which significantly reduced the odds of prelacteal feeding were adequate treatment (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.37) and postpartum health check (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.80).Conclusion Sudy concludes that the correlates like adequate treatment of mothers during labour, postpartum health check-up, normal birth with skilled birth attendants, institutional births and skin-to-skin contact between mother and the baby determine the early initiation of breast feeding and prelecteal feeding. Early initiation of breast feeding needs to be encouraged, and communities must be educated against the use of prelacteal feeding.
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spelling doaj-art-b9df501eaa794bdeb04c95f0480790292025-08-20T03:15:24ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552023-02-0113210.1136/bmjopen-2022-069902Correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: a cross-sectional study in Sindh province of PakistanRamesh Kumar0Shaukat Ali1Rafi Amir-ud-Din2Sathirakorn Pongpanich3Muhammad Asim4Jamil Ahmed5Fozia Rashid6Shahzad Ali Khan7Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, Karnataka, IndiaClimate Change Impact Studies Centre, Ministry of Climate Change, Islamabad, PakistanEconomics Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology - Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, PakistanCollege of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University College of Public Health Sciences, Bangkok, ThailandDepartment of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, PakistanDepartment of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Isra University, Hyderabad, PakistanHealth Systems & Policy Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, PakistanHealth Systems & Policy Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, PakistanObjectives The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding in highly disadvantaged districts in Pakistan.Design This cross-sectional study design.Settings This study was carried out in twelve districts of the Sindh province of Pakistan.Participants A total of 4800 mothers with children under 2 years, selected through a multistage random sampling method.Data analysis Bivariate association, survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard techniques), multivariate linear regression and the ordinary least square model were used.Results The results show that the prevalence of early initiation of breast feeding was 68% and prelacteal feeding was 32%. Adequate treatment, proper guidance at antenatal care visits, postpartum health check, normal birth with skilled birth attendants, institutional birth, skin-to-skin contact at birth and birth size were all associated with early breastfeeding initiation (p<0.001). The odds of early initiation of breast feeding after birth are higher if the respondents received proper guidance (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.02 to 4.11) or made skin-to-skin contact (OR 10.65; 95% CI 6.82 to 16.65). Bivariate association between the prelacteal feeding and a set of correlates suggests that all variables under study were significantly associated with the outcome variable of interest at a 95% or higher significance level. The factors which significantly reduced the odds of prelacteal feeding were adequate treatment (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.37) and postpartum health check (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.80).Conclusion Sudy concludes that the correlates like adequate treatment of mothers during labour, postpartum health check-up, normal birth with skilled birth attendants, institutional births and skin-to-skin contact between mother and the baby determine the early initiation of breast feeding and prelecteal feeding. Early initiation of breast feeding needs to be encouraged, and communities must be educated against the use of prelacteal feeding.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/2/e069902.full
spellingShingle Ramesh Kumar
Shaukat Ali
Rafi Amir-ud-Din
Sathirakorn Pongpanich
Muhammad Asim
Jamil Ahmed
Fozia Rashid
Shahzad Ali Khan
Correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: a cross-sectional study in Sindh province of Pakistan
BMJ Open
title Correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: a cross-sectional study in Sindh province of Pakistan
title_full Correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: a cross-sectional study in Sindh province of Pakistan
title_fullStr Correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: a cross-sectional study in Sindh province of Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: a cross-sectional study in Sindh province of Pakistan
title_short Correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: a cross-sectional study in Sindh province of Pakistan
title_sort correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding a cross sectional study in sindh province of pakistan
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/2/e069902.full
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