Randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in adults using low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula with head side elevation versus usual care to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ApOxED): study protocol

Introduction Apnoeic oxygenation is a process of delivering continuous oxygen through nasal cannula during direct laryngoscopy. The oxygen that is delivered through these nasal cannulas is either low flow or high flow. Although the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation has been shown through systemat...

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Main Authors: Shahan Waheed, Nazir Najeeb Kapadia, Muhammad Faisal Khan, Salima Mansoor Kerai, Ahmed Raheem, Rubaba Naeem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2020-11-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/11/e037964.full
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author Shahan Waheed
Nazir Najeeb Kapadia
Muhammad Faisal Khan
Salima Mansoor Kerai
Ahmed Raheem
Rubaba Naeem
author_facet Shahan Waheed
Nazir Najeeb Kapadia
Muhammad Faisal Khan
Salima Mansoor Kerai
Ahmed Raheem
Rubaba Naeem
author_sort Shahan Waheed
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Apnoeic oxygenation is a process of delivering continuous oxygen through nasal cannula during direct laryngoscopy. The oxygen that is delivered through these nasal cannulas is either low flow or high flow. Although the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation has been shown through systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials, a comparison of high-flow versus low-flow oxygen delivery has not been tested through a superiority study design. In this study we propose to assess the effectiveness of giving low-flow oxygen with head side elevation versus high-flow oxygen with head side elevation against the usual practice of care in which no oxygen is provided during direct laryngoscopy.Methods and analysis This will be a three-arm study instituting a block randomisation technique with a sample size of 46 in each arm (see table 1). Due to the nature of the intervention, no blinding will be introduced. The primary outcomes will be lowest non-invasive oxygen saturation measurement during direct laryngoscopy and during the 2 min after the placement of the tube and the first pass success rate. The intervention constitutes head side elevation up to 30° for improving glottis visualisation together with low-flow or high-flow oxygen delivery through nasal cannula to increase safe apnoea time for participants undergoing endotracheal intubation. Primary analysis will be intention to treat.Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Aga Khan University Hospital (2019-0726-2463). The project is an institution University Research Committee grant recipient 192 002ER-PK. The results of the study will be disseminated among participants, patient communities and healthcare professionals in the institution through seminars, presentations and emails. Further, the findings will be published in a highly accessed peer-reviewed medical journal and will be presented at both national and international conferences.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04242537).
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spelling doaj-art-b9d6a2764c81436ea3bef401ff6ccdcf2025-08-20T01:52:42ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552020-11-01101110.1136/bmjopen-2020-037964Randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in adults using low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula with head side elevation versus usual care to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ApOxED): study protocolShahan Waheed0Nazir Najeeb Kapadia1Muhammad Faisal Khan2Salima Mansoor Kerai3Ahmed Raheem4Rubaba Naeem5Emergency Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital Main Campus Stadium Road, Karachi, PakistanEmergency Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Sindh, PakistanAnaesthesiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanEmergency Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Sindh, PakistanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanEmergency Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Sindh, PakistanIntroduction Apnoeic oxygenation is a process of delivering continuous oxygen through nasal cannula during direct laryngoscopy. The oxygen that is delivered through these nasal cannulas is either low flow or high flow. Although the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation has been shown through systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials, a comparison of high-flow versus low-flow oxygen delivery has not been tested through a superiority study design. In this study we propose to assess the effectiveness of giving low-flow oxygen with head side elevation versus high-flow oxygen with head side elevation against the usual practice of care in which no oxygen is provided during direct laryngoscopy.Methods and analysis This will be a three-arm study instituting a block randomisation technique with a sample size of 46 in each arm (see table 1). Due to the nature of the intervention, no blinding will be introduced. The primary outcomes will be lowest non-invasive oxygen saturation measurement during direct laryngoscopy and during the 2 min after the placement of the tube and the first pass success rate. The intervention constitutes head side elevation up to 30° for improving glottis visualisation together with low-flow or high-flow oxygen delivery through nasal cannula to increase safe apnoea time for participants undergoing endotracheal intubation. Primary analysis will be intention to treat.Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Aga Khan University Hospital (2019-0726-2463). The project is an institution University Research Committee grant recipient 192 002ER-PK. The results of the study will be disseminated among participants, patient communities and healthcare professionals in the institution through seminars, presentations and emails. Further, the findings will be published in a highly accessed peer-reviewed medical journal and will be presented at both national and international conferences.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04242537).https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/11/e037964.full
spellingShingle Shahan Waheed
Nazir Najeeb Kapadia
Muhammad Faisal Khan
Salima Mansoor Kerai
Ahmed Raheem
Rubaba Naeem
Randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in adults using low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula with head side elevation versus usual care to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ApOxED): study protocol
BMJ Open
title Randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in adults using low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula with head side elevation versus usual care to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ApOxED): study protocol
title_full Randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in adults using low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula with head side elevation versus usual care to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ApOxED): study protocol
title_fullStr Randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in adults using low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula with head side elevation versus usual care to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ApOxED): study protocol
title_full_unstemmed Randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in adults using low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula with head side elevation versus usual care to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ApOxED): study protocol
title_short Randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in adults using low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula with head side elevation versus usual care to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ApOxED): study protocol
title_sort randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in adults using low flow or high flow nasal cannula with head side elevation versus usual care to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in the emergency department apoxed study protocol
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/11/e037964.full
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